Two-color interferometer for study of dense low-ionized plasma on the target in high-power pulse linear accelerator

Abstract

A two-color infrared interferometer has been developed for the investigation of high-density weakly ionized tantalum plasma in x-ray complexes based on linear induction accelerators (1.6 kA electron beam current, 4.6 MeV energy, and 100 ns pulse duration). Simultaneous probing at two different wavelengths makes it possible to independently measure the density of neutral and electron components. The interferometer uses wavelength values of 1.064 µm (Nd:YAG laser) and 10.6 µm (CO2 laser). To attenuate the effect of sample beam refraction in inhomogeneous plasma, the interferometer used a refraction suppression scheme composed of spherical mirrors focusing the object beam into the region occupied by the plasma. In addition, the power of the sample beam transmitted through the plasma was controlled in order to analyze whether there was a distortion of the interference pattern because of strong sample beam refraction and absorption in the plasma cloud. To calibrate the initial phase shift of the probe radiation, a movable mirror mounted on a piezoelectric element and oscillating according to a harmonic law with amplitude greater than the laser wavelengths was used. In initial experiments, the parameters of target plasma registered by this interferometer are as follows: the linear density of neutrals reached 1.5 · 1017 cm−2, and the degree of ionization was of the order of 10−2. The target plasma expansion velocity is determined as ∼6 km/s.

Soft X-ray radiography for measurements of a dense metal plasma created by intense relativistic electron beam on a tantalum target

“…During the experiment, the exposure time of the CCD-camera was set at its minimum, 7 μs. In addition to the PZ-pinch, the target chamber is equipped with a laser interferometer [10] and a fast CCD-camera for registering the plume in the visible spectrum.…”

“…In our experiments on the LIA-5 [9] linear induction accelerator, we too used several methods to examine the target plasma. Two-color interferometry [10] was used to measure the ion and electron density dynamics. X-ray radiography was used to determine the instantaneous plume shape and density distribution and to estimate the expansion rate.…”