“…Various scholars have identified many different types of irony markers that an author can use to mark such an utterance (e.g., Attardo 2000a;Kreuz 1996;Muecke 1978;Seto 1998). In written communication, these markers can roughly be classified into four different categories: (1) tropes, such as hyperboles (e.g., Kreuz & Roberts 1995) and rhetorical questions (e.g., Muecke 1978), (2) schematic markers such as repetition (e.g., Muecke 1978) and a change of register (e.g., Haiman 1998), (3) morpho-syntactic markers such as exclamations (e.g., Seto 1998) and tag questions (e.g., Kreuz A r t i c l e i n p r e s s 1996) and (4) typographic markers such as quotation marks (e.g., Attardo 2001) and emoticons (e.g., Kreuz 1996; for a more detailed explanation, see Burgers 2010).…”