Two Decades of Colorization and Decolorization for Images and Videos

Liu, Shiguang

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2204.13322

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For an M × N image the RMS contrast is computed using Eq.3 where I i, j is the i-th, and j-th pixel intensity and Ī is the average intensity of the image. 2 (3)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this transformation leads to loss of information and as a result can reduce the range of the final resulting images as compared to the original. Decolorization methods compute grayscale images using luminance values from the source pixels [1,2]. Figure 1 presents few decolorization examples from which we can learn their capabilities and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, (a) Kim et al [4] exhibit a loss of chromatic contrast, (b) Nafchi et al [5] mishandle variations in luminance, (c) CIELAB fails with isoluminant colors, and (d) Lu et al [6] struggle with specific color combinations in the bottom row. Recent algorithms promise detailed grayscale output [2]. However, they require more resources and time due to iterative processes thus, being unsuitable for practical real-time applications like video and printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Psychological Study: Importance of Contrast and Luminance in Color to Grayscale Mapping

Ambalathankandy,

Ou,

Kaneko

et al. 2023

cic

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Grayscale images are essential in image processing and computer vision tasks. They effectively emphasize luminance and contrast, highlighting important visual features, while also being easily compatible with other algorithms. Moreover, their simplified representation makes them efficient for storage and transmission purposes. While preserving contrast is important for maintaining visual quality, other factors such as preserving information relevant to the specific application or task at hand may be more critical for achieving optimal performance. To evaluate and compare different decolorization algorithms, we designed a psychological experiment. During the experiment, participants were instructed to imagine color images in a hypothetical "colorless world" and select the grayscale image that best resembled their mental visualization. We conducted a comparison between two types of algorithms: (i) perceptual-based simple color space conversion algorithms, and (ii) spatial contrast-based algorithms, including iteration-based methods. Our experimental findings indicate that CIELAB exhibited superior performance on average, providing further evidence for the effectiveness of perceptionbased decolorization algorithms. On the other hand, the spatial contrast-based algorithms showed relatively poorer performance, possibly due to factors such as DC-offset and artificial contrast generation. However, these algorithms demonstrated shorter selection times. Notably, no single algorithm consistently outperformed the others across all test images. In this paper, we will delve into a comprehensive discussion on the significance of contrast and luminance in color-to-grayscale mapping based on our experimental results and analysis.

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“…For an M × N image the RMS contrast is computed using Eq.3 where I i, j is the i-th, and j-th pixel intensity and Ī is the average intensity of the image. 2 (3)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Psychological Study: Importance of Contrast and Luminance in Color to Grayscale Mapping

Ambalathankandy,

Ou,

Kaneko

et al. 2023

cic

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show abstract

“…When she goes to sleep, she throws away her last chance at a better day. Liu (2022) The protagonist's mental breakdown in 'Dev.D' was also conveyed through the use of color. The envious greens used at the start of his "emotional attyachar" grow even more so as the film progresses.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatic Chronicles: Exploring the Symbolism and Significance of Color in Anurag Kashyap's Films

Samanta,

Tripathi

2024

ShodhKosh J. Vis. Per. Arts

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Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap is known for his unique and gritty approach to storytelling, which often explores the inner lives of individuals while also presenting the harsh realities of the world outside. Most notable aspects of Kashyap's cinematic approach are his dexterous use of color as a narrative instrument, visually assisting storytelling and conveying deeper meanings. This research paper investigates the significance of color in the films of Anurag Kashyap, concentrating on the analysis of five selected films: "Black Friday" (2004), "Dev. D" (2009), "Gulaal" (2009), "That Girl in Yellow Boots" (2010), and "Bombay Velvet" (2015). The purpose of this research is to investigate the color signature and symbolisms used in Kashyap's films, as well as analyze the significant use of primary colors in various scenes. By analyzing the specific color palettes and combinations utilized, the researcher will try to understand how Kashyap effectively employs colors to emphasize key moments and themes of his films. To justify the study’s objectives, qualitative content analysis methodology is employed, involving a systematic viewing and analysis of each film. Color occurrences will be recognized, coded, and categorized to reveal their symbolic meanings. A comparative analysis will be conducted to identify similarities and differences in the films' use of color. The results of this study will illuminate the aesthetic and narrative significance of color in Kashyap's filmmaking, explaining how color choices enrich the depiction of emotions, themes, and character dynamics. This research is significant because it reveals Kashyap's distinctive aesthetic philosophy via an examination of the symbolism embedded in his use of color. This study enriches our appreciation and interpretation of Anurag Kashyap's films by clarifying the symbolic representations and visual storytelling strategies he employs in them.

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“…According to Shiguang Liu, traditional manual coloring method consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and may not get satisfactory results. Given a source image or video, colorization methods aim to automatically colorize the target gray image or video reasonably and reliably, which thereby greatly improves the efficiency of this work Liu (2022).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Movie Colorization by Artificial Intelligence on Cinematic Symbolism: A Case Study of Satyajit Ray’s ‘Pather Panchali’

Samanta,

Rawat

2024

ShodhKosh J. Vis. Per. Arts

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The objective of image colorization is to add color to a monochrome input picture to generate a colorful outcome, which is a classic and essential issue in visual effects. In cinema, color has a significant role in on various levels. But it was not the fundamental component of cinema. Although color was added in film later, but for a long time people were used to watching movies on their black and white television set.This study depends on the effort of a Bengali professor based in the United States who used artificial intelligence to colorize Satyajit Ray’s ‘Pather Panchali’ as a quarantine experiment. This research analyzes the use of colorization in ‘Pather Panchali’ to determine whether the colors work well to emphasize the film's symbolic meaning. It also examines whether there is still a place for sentimentality after colorization and how well AI works at coloring in black and white movies.The research objectives include evaluating the role that colorization plays in bringing the film's meaning to light with regard to certain situations, examining among specialists the nostalgia/emotions linked with classic black and white films, and gauging experts reaction to the practice of using AI to colorize previously black-and-white movies. This study uses in-depth interviews as a qualitative research approach for gathering expert opinions.This study concludes that the cinematic symbolism of the black and white version of ‘Pather Panchali’ is lost in the colorized version. Expert interviews revealed the complex connection between colorization and the film's visual style. The findings emphasize the need for careful consideration and preservation of the original black-and-white format, while also recognizing the advancements and limitations of artificial intelligence in the colorization process.

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Two Decades of Colorization and Decolorization for Images and Videos

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

A Psychological Study: Importance of Contrast and Luminance in Color to Grayscale Mapping

A Psychological Study: Importance of Contrast and Luminance in Color to Grayscale Mapping

Chromatic Chronicles: Exploring the Symbolism and Significance of Color in Anurag Kashyap's Films

The Impact of Movie Colorization by Artificial Intelligence on Cinematic Symbolism: A Case Study of Satyajit Ray’s ‘Pather Panchali’

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