“…In the present study, we use two-dimensional (2D) hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy (see Transparent Methods ) to obtain a quantitative measure of the hyperfine and quadrupolar parameters of the BiP–PF 10 ⋅+ radical ( Chatterjee et al., 2013 , 2012 ; Coates et al., 2015 ; Dikanov et al., 2019 , 2000 ; Dikanov and Taguchi, 2018 ; Höfer et al., 1986 ; Milikisiyants et al., 2011 , 2010 ). 2D HYSCORE spectroscopy is similar to the pulsed EPR spectroscopy methods, electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) ( Britt, 2003 ; Deligiannakis et al., 2000 ; Harmer et al, 2009 ; Lakshmi and Brudvig, 2001 ; Prisner et al., 2001 ), that are used for the study of electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions in paramagnetic systems.…”