Two-dimensional (2D) fabrics and three-dimensional (3D) preforms for ballistic and stabbing protection: A review

Bilişik, Kadir

doi:10.1177/0040517516669075

Cited by 108 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…A recent review discussed the use of nano additives for stab and spike protection. 150 Future armor will use the nano additives such as carbon nanospheres, carbon nanotubes, and the structures of nanofibers to improve stab and spike protection.…”

Section: Materials Used In Stab and Spike Vestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body armor for stab and spike protection, Part 1: Scientific literature review

Nayak

Crouch

Kanesalingam

et al. 2017

Textile Research Journal

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Since the invention of small arms ammunition, the human torso has required protection from hand-gun bullets, and today’s civil and military personnel are regularly clad in soft body armor systems to cope with these threats. However, increasingly, the threat spectrum has widened to include a plethora of both edged and pointed weapons. Over the past two decades in particular, this has required development of either specific soft armors to defeat that particular threat, or the development of multi-threat vests that can resist both hand-gun bullets and knife and spike attacks. In this review, we provide more details about the various material combinations that are used to defeat a knife or spike, since these armor materials are a lot different from the conventional aramid fabrics, and numerous, widely-different solutions are being pursued. The penetration mechanisms associated with the various forms of attack—stabbing and slashing—are discussed, as well as the use of new fibers, shear thickening fluids, and nano-materials in developing these body armor systems.

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Section: Materials Used In Stab and Spike Vestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body armor for stab and spike protection, Part 1: Scientific literature review

Nayak

Crouch

Kanesalingam

et al. 2017

Textile Research Journal

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“…20 Several efforts were made in order to solve these issues either by developing new fabrication methods to improve the tubes alignment 18,32,34 or/and by using chemical approaches such as CNTs functionalization to enhance the interfacial adhesion to the matrix. 20,28,36,37 Nevertheless, CNTs pose other problems related to their entanglement and aggregation which restrict the percent weight (% wt.) of their content and obstruct the extreme improvement of the mechanical properties of the entire composite.…”

Section: Cnts-based Pmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent research on materials used in polymer–matrix composites for body armor application

Benzait

Trabzon

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

192

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The development of personal protection systems with improved ballistic performance and reduced weight has received a great interest in the last decade with the unfortunate ever-increasing threats and conflicts. In this review, the ordinarily polymeric fibers used in body armors manufacturing were first reported, then some nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene with advanced structural and mechanical properties, as well as their potential reinforcement of armor composites were investigated through some recent studies available in the literature. Additionally, natural fibers integrated into multilayered armor systems, and ballistic tests which endorse their future importance were also cited. This short review which sheds light on novel materials used in personal armor systems, a specific and an important topic that was not previously reviewed, aims to provide to the new researchers, engineers and manufactures in this field some guidelines about what are the promising materials that can be used in order to construct the ultimate body armors of the future.

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“…7 The classification of 3D fabrics used as basic ballistic structure was outlined; it contained 3D noninterlaced fabric, multistitched 3D woven fabric, 3D fully interlaced woven fabric, 3D orthogonal woven fabric, multiaxis 3D woven fabric, 3D braided fabric, and 3D nonwoven fabric. 3 By describing the textile fabrics with point group and space group, the geometric structures of fabrics could be derived and classified reasonably and effectively, so that the types of the textile preform were no longer limited to process distinction. [8][9][10] The advanced 3D spacer composites were classified based on the different factors depending on the orientation of the yarn, the yarn sets, and the geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the classification and properties of three-dimensional textile fabrics

Zhang

Zhu

2019

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Three-dimensional textile fabrics are used as the reinforcing phase of the textile structural composites, and their geometry affect the physical and mechanical properties of composites. Based on the curvature and directions of the fiber tows in three-dimensional textile fabrics, four representative geometric units are proposed, namely, the orthogonal geometric unit, the curved geometric unit, the skew geometric unit, and the uniform distribution unit, respectively. Other units are the combinations or derivations of these representative geometric units. The relationship and performance characteristics of these representative geometric units are discussed in section “The relationship of RGUs.” The structural features of three-dimensional textile fabrics are illustrated on the mesoscopic scale, and the models are established to predict the geometric properties. The concepts of fabrics with stable structure, flexible structure, elastoplastic structure, and uniform structure are proposed. The fiber volume fractions and elastic characteristics of different structural fabrics are discussed. The classification of three-dimensional textile fabrics is conducive to investigate the relationship between geometry and property, forming a technical system and providing a theoretical basis for the selection of three-dimensional structural textile composites with different performance.

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Two-dimensional (2D) fabrics and three-dimensional (3D) preforms for ballistic and stabbing protection: A review

Cited by 108 publications

References 114 publications

Body armor for stab and spike protection, Part 1: Scientific literature review

Body armor for stab and spike protection, Part 1: Scientific literature review

A review of recent research on materials used in polymer–matrix composites for body armor application

Investigation of the classification and properties of three-dimensional textile fabrics

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