Two-dimensional atom localization via a combination of the standing-wave and Gaussian fields

Abstract

<jats:p> The localization of atom is studied in two-dimensional (2D) in a four-level V-type atomic system by using the Gaussian field. The atom localization is investigated through the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field inside two orthogonal standing-wave fields. We consider three hypotheses for the interaction between the atom and fields (standing-wave and Gaussian fields), each hypothesis is considered individually. We obtain the expression for the first-order approximation of the absorption of the probe field mathematically for the hypothesis (I). The Gaussian field parameter plays an important role in the precision of the atom localization. The 2D atom localization can be dependent on the detuning of the probe field (resonance and off-resonance), the Rabi frequencies and the phase shifts. </jats:p>

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

“…Similar 2D schemes have been used for the atomic localization through spontaneous emission [42,43], gain absorption spectra [44][45][46], and level population measurement [47,48]. Further advancement in the field of atomic localization has been made by [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

High-resolution two-dimensional atomic microscopy in a tripod-type four-level atomic medium via standing wave fields

“…Similar 2D schemes have been used for atomic localization through spontaneous emission [47,48], gain absorption spectra [49][50][51], and level population measurement [52,53]. Furthermore, advances in the field of atomic localization can also be found in references [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. In this regard, 2D atomic localization has been introduced in a four-level V-shaped atomic system using a Gaussian field [54].…”

“…Furthermore, advances in the field of atomic localization can also be found in references [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. In this regard, 2D atomic localization has been introduced in a four-level V-shaped atomic system using a Gaussian field [54]. Dutta et al have performed 2D atomic localization microscopy based on the projection of 3D localization in the plane of the detector [55].…”