Two-dimensional barcodes for mobile phones

Lyons, Sarah K.; Kschischang, Frank R.

doi:10.1109/bsc.2010.5472949

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A receiver side frequency domain equalization (FDE) is performed for blur removal (de-blurring). The FDE is implemented using a single complex multiplication per each frequency, as proposed for the 1D temporal system of [9], and for 2D FD methods of [2], [3]. This approach has been applied to all the proposed as well as the reference modulation methods.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of such FD modulation (FDM)-based schemes, are the spatial discrete multi-tone (SDMT) [1], [2] and [5]; spatial asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM, (SACO-OFDM) [3], [6]- [8]; and other FD modulation [9]. FDM is widely used in such systems, since it benefits from the ability tocontroltheoutputsignal'sspectrum.However,FDM suffers from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and high computational complexity at the transmitter side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Two-Dimensional (2-D) Spatial Domain Modulation Methods for Unipolar Pixelated Optical Wireless Communication Systems

Katz

Bar-Ness

2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pixelated two-dimensional (2D) Optical Wireless Communication Systems (OWCS), with intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD), modulate the data to be transmitted, into image intensities at the transmitter. The image is passed through an optical channel, and is captured at the receiver, then demodulated into received data. In traditional one-dimensional (1D) IM/DD OWCS, the proposed schemes modulate the output signal either in the time-domain, such as in single-carrier modulation, or in the frequency-domain, such as in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In contrast to 1D systems, the previously proposed 2D pixelated OWCS, use frequency-domain modulation (FDM) only, overlooking spacedomain modulation (SDM). FDM benefits from the ability to control the output signal's spectrum, though suffers from high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and high computational complexity at the transmitter. In this work we propose a new SDM-based, 2D pixelated OWCS, which maintains low PAPR and low computational-complexity at the transmitter side, while enabling efficient spectral-control of its output signal. After a definition of a general scheme for the proposed SDM, we present three signal examples, suitable for three typical channels. Analysis of the spectral content of those output signals is performed, demonstrating the spectral control ability, and their resulted lower PAPR. Simulation results of the proposed SDM methods, as well as a common reference FDM method, the spatial asymmetrically-clipped optical OFDM (SACO-OFDM), are presented. Although showing minor performance disadvantage for typical average power limited channels, the proposed SDM methods show significant performance advantage for peak limited channels, while maintaining, in all cases, flexibility in dimensions, to meet the target screen size, significantly lower PAPR, and lower transmitter side computational complexity..Index Terms -Pixelated MIMO; SACO OFDM; Imaging receiver; Pixelated optical wireless communication; Spatial-domain modulation; Space-domain modulation; Multidimensional signal processing; Two-dimensional optical wireless communications; 2D; Optical camera communications.Due to IFFT implementation, for practical FDM systems, it is common that the output signal's block size(without cyclic extension) has equal width and height, where each dimension is an integer-power of 2 (e.g. 64x64, 512x512), [1]- [3]. However, for the proposed SDM, such requirement is unnecessary, giving more flexibility to fit displays, which are usually rectangular and have non power of two dimensions.In this paper, we propose, analyze, and simulate a 2D spatial domain modulation (SDM) communication system, with spatial domain processing, rather than the common FDM systems with frequency domain processing. The proposed SDM has the ability to shape the spectrum of the optical output signal, while maintaining low PAPR, low computational complexity at the transmitter side, and flexibility in dimensions to meet the target screen size. Three examples which...

show abstract

Section: Simulation Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional (2-D) Spatial Domain Modulation Methods for Unipolar Pixelated Optical Wireless Communication Systems

Katz

Bar-Ness

2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then these binary numbers will be converted into black and white cells and will be arranged accordingly. Reed-Solomon error correction is also used here [10].…”

Section: Data Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Utilization of 2D Barcode (QR Code) in Boarding Pass for Managing Luggage at Air Port

Kumar¹,

Choubisa²,

Shekhawat³

et al. 2017

IJCATR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quick Response (QR) Code is very useful for encoding the data in an efficient manner. Here data capacity in 2D barcode is limited according to the various types of data formats used for encoding. The data in image format uses more space. The data capacity can be increased by compressing the data using any of the data compression techniques before encoding. In this paper, we suggest a technique for data compression which in turn helps to increase the data capacity of QR Codes generated for image. The main objective of this paper is to present how QR code can be utilized best in boarding pass for managing luggage at air port. Misplace of luggage at air port is very common; here we are proposing an idea for proper handling of misplaced luggage.

show abstract

“…The margin space is necessary for reading the bar code accurately. This zone is mainly meant for keeping the QR Code symbol separated from the external area [9]. This area is usually 4 modules wide.…”

Section: Quiet Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Data Capacity of QR Codes by Compressing the Data before Generation

Victor¹

2012

IJCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two-dimensional barcodes for mobile phones

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Two-Dimensional (2-D) Spatial Domain Modulation Methods for Unipolar Pixelated Optical Wireless Communication Systems

Two-Dimensional (2-D) Spatial Domain Modulation Methods for Unipolar Pixelated Optical Wireless Communication Systems

Efficient Utilization of 2D Barcode (QR Code) in Boarding Pass for Managing Luggage at Air Port

Enhancing the Data Capacity of QR Codes by Compressing the Data before Generation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About