Two-dimensional chemical-state plot for lead using XPS

Pederson, L.R.

doi:10.1016/0368-2048(82)85043-3

Cited by 230 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fitting was done by keeping the separation energy ( E) and the intensity ratio of Pb 4f doublet peaks at 4.87 eV and 3:4, respectively, as shown in the figure. The peak binding energy values of Pb 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 core levels were 138.37 and 143.24 eV, in agreement with the respective values for PbI 2 reported elsewhere [18]. The peak binding energy values of I 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 core levels were 619.5 and 630.98 eV, respectively, with the doublet separation of 11.5 eV.…”

Section: Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Growth and properties of lead iodide thin films by spin coating

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this study, lead iodide (PbI 2 ) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by spin coating a solution of 0.2 M PbI 2 dissolved in dimethylformamide, varying the deposition time and the spin speed. The thickness of the thin films decreased with increase in spin speed and deposition time, as examined by profilometry measurements. The structure, morphology, optical and electrical properties of the thin films were analysed using various techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the thin films possessed hexagonal structures. The thin films were grown highly oriented to [001] direction of the hexagonal lattice. Raman peaks detected at 96 and 136 cm −1 were corresponding to the characteristic vibration modes of PbI 2 . The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected the presence of Pb and I with core level binding energies corresponding to that in PbI 2 . Atomic force microcopy showed smooth and compact morphology of the thin films. From UV-Vis transmittance and reflectance spectral analysis, the bandgap of the thin films ∼2.3 eV was evaluated. The dark conductivity of the thin films was computed and the value decreased as the deposition time and spin speed increased.

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Section: Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Growth and properties of lead iodide thin films by spin coating

et al. 2016

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“…le and the separation of 3.7 ± 0.2 eV of the integrated metallic Pb and the PbO peaks at 3 X 10 9 L compare well with the lineshape and the shift of 3.8 eV reported for bulk PbO [18]. This indicates that the oxidation of polycrystalline Pb leads to the formation of PbO, which is in agreement with earlier studies [8,[10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Bulk Leadsupporting

confidence: 92%

A comparison between the oxidation of bulk lead and that of lead deposits on Au(111): An Auger study

Peeters¹,

Slavin²

1989

Surface Science Letters

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A comparison of the oxidation of bulk lead with the oxidation of thin lead layers on an inert gold substrate provides important information on both processes, particularly on the transition from surface to bulk oxidation. The exposure to oxygen of bulk polycrystalline lead at room temperature rapidly produces an oxide layer which grows laterally as a film 2.0 ± 0.2 monolayers thick, followed by much slower oxygen uptake. The same oxide, PbO, forms for lead films of submonolayer to several monolayers thickness, deposited on a Au(111) surface. For lead deposits of less than one monolayer, the oxide grows with a thickness of one monolayer.Computer decomposition of the lead signal into metal and oxide components has been carried out using the Auger lineshapes for unoxidized metal and thick oxide as basis functions. This method provides chemical information similar to that obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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“…The Pb 4f spectra of the products possess two broad singlet peaks corresponding to Pb 4f 7/2 and Pb 4f 5/2 centered around binding energy values 138.5 eV and 143 eV respectively. This observation confirms the oxidation state of lead as Pb 2+ [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Analysissupporting

confidence: 80%