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91-S18S7 CIPThe articles in this volume represent papers delivered by invited speakers at the 6th International Symposium on the Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides. In addition, a few of the abstracts submitted by participants were scheduled for minisymposia and some of the authors, whose presentations were judged by the Scientific Council to be of high quality, were invited to submit papers for publication in this volume.This symposium was established in 1976 for the purpose of bringing together, once every two or three years, active investigators in the forefront of contemporary immunology, to present their findings and discuss t heir significance in the light of current concepts and to identify important new directions of investigation. The founding of the symposium was stimulated by the achievement of major breakthroughs in the understanding of the immune recognition of proteins and peptides. We believed that these breakthroughs will lead to the creation of a new generation of peptide reagents which should have enormous potential in biological, therapeutic and basic applications. This anticipated explosion has in fact since occurred and many applications of these pep tides are now being realized.The sixth symposium was devoted to four major areas: Human immunodeficiency virus, antibody immunoconjugates, bacterial vaccines and immunomodulators. In this volume, many important papers will deal with various aspects of structure and biology of HIV and SIV, the expression and regulation of their genes and the immunology of their envelope proteins. Antibody immunoconjugates have become an important tool for specific targeting of drugs and radioisotopes in chemotherapy and radio immunotherapy of certain malignancies. Papers by several leading investigators deal here with recent advances in this important field. Manipulation of the immune system by immunodulators, or by other strategies, is perhaps one of the most promising applications of the advances in immunology to disease therapy. Many important papers deal with designs and applications of vaccines against selected bacterial agents. To achieve an intelligent effective design of a vaccine, it is crucial to know details of the humoral and cellular immune responses against the infectious organism. How to maximize a required antibody or T-cell response or to reduce its magnitude is often desired in the design of an immunological defense strategy. What is the best means of delivery? How can tolerance be achieved in certain cases? These and other important questions that need to be appreciated in the design of vaccines are discussed in this volume.Finally, I should like to express, on behalf of the organization, our gratitude to our sponsors whose generous support made this conference possible.