Two-dimensional infrared and mid-infrared imaging by single-photon frequency upconversion

Tang, Ruikai; Wu, Wenjie; Li, Xiongjie; Pan, Haifeng; Wu, E; Zeng, Heping

doi:10.1080/09500340.2015.1021722

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Upconversion can be used to measure depth with µm scale resolution in a scattering media [186], [200], for optical coherence tomography (OCT) based 3-D imaging in the mid-infrared with real-time operation [186]; for construction of infrared to terahertz hologram [30], [189], [218], [219], where the image is reconstructed at a wavelength different from the reading light. Recently, researchers have utilized the phase invariant properties of parametric upconversion to demonstrate phase imaging [178], [194], [220], frequency conversion of structured light [221] and image manipulation by controlling the phase matching condition [222].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Barh¹,

Rodrigo²,

Meng³

et al. 2019

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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This article provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, starting from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR imaging in terms of sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the IR image is frequency upconverted to form a visible/near-IR image through parametric three-wave mixing followed by detection using a silicon-based detector or camera. In 1968 (50 years back), J. E. Midwinter first demonstrated upconversion imaging from shortwave-IR (1.6 μm) to visible (484 nm) wavelength using a bulk lithium niobate crystal. This technique quickly gained interest, and several other groups demonstrated upconversion imaging further into the mid-and far-IR with significantly improved quantum efficiency. Although a few excellent reviews on upconversion imaging were published in the early 1970's, the rapid progress in recent years merits an updated comprehensive review. The topic includes linear imaging, nonlinear optics, and laser science, and has shown diverse applications. The scope of this article is to provide an in-depth knowledge of upconversion imaging theory. An overview of different phase matching conditions for the parametric process and the sensitivity of the upconversion detection system are discussed. Furthermore, different design considerations and optimization schemes are outlined for application-specific upconversion imaging. The article comprises a historical perspective of the technique, its most recent technological advances, specific outstanding issues, and some cutting-edge applications of upconversion in IR imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25(c), (d)) originated from the spatial filtering. The Gaussian pump, which acts as the Fourier filter for upconversion imaging in System-I, upconverts the higher spatial frequency components (section 2) less efficiently; hence the image lost its sharpness [70], [178]. A larger pump beam waist radius would correct this issue.…”

Section: Imaging Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Barh¹,

Rodrigo²,

Meng³

et al. 2019

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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“…Based on long-wavelength-pumping, NTA [30] was also used to get some MIR images with an imaging sensitivity of 1 photon/pixel/pulse with a Si-based electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD), where the SR could be substantially improved to be better than 13 μm by using a lens with a large aperture. Based on frequency up-conversion (including sum-frequency generation, SFG), [31][32][33] the single-photon sensitivity of MIR imaging was also obtained with an EMCCD. Despite the use of the vortex pump for detail enhancement, which enabled high imaging contrast, this setup had its SR be limited to 140 μm [31] or 125 μm [33] by the up-conversion spatial bandwidths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Detail‐Enhanced Imaging With Micron‐Level Spatial Resolution and Photon‐Number Resolving Sensitivity

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The underdevelopment of mid‐infrared (MIR) components and detectors greatly limits the spatial resolution and sensitivity of MIR imaging. To overcome these limitations, MIR detail‐enhanced imaging is enhanced via non‐degenerate optical parametric amplification (OPA) pumped by a femtosecond vortex pulse. This design renders MIR illumination into a visible image by nonlinear wavelength‐conversion, together with a high OPA gain, large spatial bandwidth, and remarkable sensitivity. These experiments show that the design can realize MIR imaging with a spatial resolution of up to 114 line pairs per millimeter and a 2D spatial bandwidth product of up to 62 900, over a spectral region tunable from 2.0 to 3.0 µm. Equally important, this setup simultaneously achieves excellent imaging sensitivity of 25 photons at room temperature. It is thought that this work provides a powerful way to realize effective real‐time MIR imaging with an excellent spatial resolution even in very weak illumination environments, which can benefit many applications from semiconductor material characterization and biomedical imaging to security.

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“…Then, a dichroic mirror(DM) is applied to combine the signal beam and the pump beam before two beams incident the nonlinear crystal [10], [19]. Besides, it is proved that the signal beam and the pump beam are focused before two beams combined by a dichroic mirror is more effective [14], [20]. Unfortunately, it is hard to apply tightly focusing to enhance the upconversion efficiency because the dichroic mirror is placed between the lens and the nonlinear crystal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dispersion Reduction Frequency Upconversion System at 1550 nm With Tightly Focused Beam

Jiang

Dai

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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The upconversion detection is a promising method to detect infrared radiation. It is proved that the focused beam makes a contribution to improving the upconversion efficiency. A nearinfrared detector at room-temperature based on sum frequency generation(SFG) with focused beams is demonstrated. To enhance the upconversion efficiency, the signal and pump beams are tightly focused by the same focal lens. To reduce that the dispersion of the focal lens has a negative effect on upconversion efficiency in a tightly focusing system, the relation between the upconversion efficiency and the focused beams in our system is investigated. In the setup, the signal and pump beams are combined by a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (PMWDM) that is connected on a collimator. The mixed beam is focused into a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) bulk by a lens of 35mm focal length. The signal pulse at 1550nm is converted to 863nm with a 172mW continuous-wave pump beam at 1950nm. The converted signal is measured by a photomultiplier tube(PMT) and results shows the maximum upconversion efficiency is 5.23 × 10 −4 while the pump power is 172mW .

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Two-dimensional infrared and mid-infrared imaging by single-photon frequency upconversion

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Detail‐Enhanced Imaging With Micron‐Level Spatial Resolution and Photon‐Number Resolving Sensitivity

The Dispersion Reduction Frequency Upconversion System at 1550 nm With Tightly Focused Beam

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