Two-Dimensional Nanosheet-Based Photonic Nanomedicine for Combined Gene and Photothermal Therapy

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are characterized by their ultra-thin structure which sets them apart from their bulk materials. Due to this unique 2D structure, they have a high surface-to-volume ratio that can be beneficial for the delivery of various drugs including therapeutic DNAs and RNAs. In addition, various 2D materials exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to the near infrared (NIR) light. Therefore, this 2D nanosheet-based photonic nanomedicine has been gaining tremendous attention as both gene delivering vehicles and photothermal agents, which create synergistic effects in the treatment of different diseases. In this review, we briefly provide an overview of the following two parts regarding this type of photonic nanomedicine: (1) mechanism and advantages of nanosheets in gene delivery and photothermal therapy, respectively. (2) mechanism of synergistic effects in nanosheetmediated combined gene and photothermal therapies and their examples in a few representative nanosheets (e.g., graphene oxide, black phosphorus, and translational metal dichalcogenide). We also expect to provide some deep insights into the possible opportunities associated with the emerging 2D nanosheets for synergistic nanomedicine research.

Combinational application of metal–organic frameworks‐based nanozyme and nucleic acid delivery in cancer therapy

“…PTT is a widely developed localized cancer therapy that utilizes photo-induced heat generated via near-infrared (IR) irradiation to induce cancer cell death while avoiding damage to other regions (Fusco et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2016;Liu, Wang, Song, & Zhang, 2021a, 2021bQin et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2012Zhang et al, , 2013Zhang et al, , 2014. Compared with traditional therapies, the main advantages of PTT include minimal invasiveness, deep tissue penetration, and ease of use (Cao et al, 2015;Jin et al, 2018;Kim, Blake, et al, 2020;Li et al, 2015;Li, Liu, et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016). MOF could be sensitively responsive to hyperthermia for metal ions, while nucleic acid drugs can downregulate heat shock-related genes in cancer cells.…”

Antitumor Applications of Photothermal Agents and Photothermal Synergistic Therapies

“…Second, interactions between different treatments can produce greater efficiency. For example, heat generated by the photothermal effect can improve the efficacy of some anticancer drugs [ 108 , 109 ].…”

Multifunctional Hybrid MoS2-PEGylated/Au Nanostructures with Potential Theranostic Applications in Biomedicine

“…In this context, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and its derivatives have attracted attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and simple synthesis [2]. The 2D nanomaterials have been used in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer [3] especially when they are combined with gold nanoparticles [4][5][6][7]. For instance, graphene Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2053 2 of 18 and other nanocarbons [3,8,9], hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) [1,10], black phosphorus (BP) [11], tungsten sulfide (WS 2 ) [12], molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) [13][14][15], among others, have gained prominence mainly due to their huge biological applications [13].…”