Two-dimensional numerical study of ELMs-induced erosion of tungsten divertor target tiles with different edge shapes

Huang, Yan; Sun, Jizhong; Hu, Wanpeng; Sang, Chaofeng; Wang, Dezhen

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.11.027

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…(1) Raman spectroscopy is sensitive enough to detect surface native oxides, and the optimal experimental conditions to perform such measurements were derived (2) More tungsten oxides are detected for porous materials and nanoparticles than for compact ones due to the large roughness of the former class of materials (3) Raman band intensity varies and increases qualitatively with the O content (4) The crystallographic structure has an influence on band intensities (5) Long-time storing of a sample between its production and analysis can affect the results because of the growth native oxide in the meantime (6) Porous materials are less thermally stable than compact materials (7) The relative thermal stability of compact materials is deteriorated by an increasing nitrogen content (8) Oxides and nitrides can be detected and distinguished (directly by the presence of additional broad bands in the range 300-600 cm -1 , and indirectly by the W PDOS activation close to 200 cm -1 , for nitrides), even if sensitivity to N is lower than that of O (9) An oxygen/nitrogen substitution occurs when the temperature is high, and oxide is created under the laser beam…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the pWO(60,2.5), pWO (52,4), pWON (53,12) and pWON (47,9) films show a cauliflower-like feature whereas the surface of the cWO(25,2) film is flat and smooth. This morphology is directly related to growth mechanisms [60] governed by the expansion dynamics of the plasma plume during deposition, as discussed elsewhere [42,43].…”

Section: (F G) Typical Sem Cross Section View Of Pld Films Porous (F)...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…when using an objective with N.A.=0.9. From a to e: cWO (25,2), pWO(60,2.5), pWO (52,4), pWON (53,12) and pWON (47,9).…”

Section: Morphology and Chemical Composition Figure 2 Morphology Of T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For porous materials, roughness must be taken into account and thicknesses cannot be retrieved from this simple model. pWON (20,35) cWON (20,35) cWON (37,16) NP pWO (60,2.5) pWON (53,12) pWO (52,4) pWON (47,9) pWO (52,4) pWON (47,9) cWO (25,2)…”

Section: Information Retrieved From Raman Absolute Band Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been chosen due to its good thermomechanical properties and low affinity with hydrogen isotopes in order to face the high heat due to nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen isotope nuclei [1,2]. Heat fluxes, in the range 10 to 20 MW/m 2 in steady state operations and even higher (in the GW/m 2 ) for edge localized modes or other transients will have to be radiated off [3,4], mainly on the divertor [5]. However, due to plasma wall interactions [6], PFC characteristics will be modified during the lifetime of the machine [7] due to the many simultaneous processes (erosion, morphological changes, melting, defect formation…), involving high heat fluxes, impinging ions and neutrals [8] formed by hydrogen isotopes (fuel of the reaction), helium (ashes of the reaction), neutron bombardment… and will modify the PFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Post-mortem analysis of tungsten plasma facing components in tokamaks: Raman microscopy measurements on compact, porous oxide and nitride films and nanoparticles

Pardanaud¹,

Dellasega²,

Passoni³

et al. 2020

Nucl. Fusion

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Raman microscopy is one of the methods that could be used for future post-mortem analyses of samples extracted from ITER plasma facing. This study shows that this technique is useful for studying tungsten-based materials containing impurities including oxides and nitrides. Here, we apply pulsed laser deposition and DC argon glow discharges to produce tungsten-containing synthetic films (compact, porous) and nanoparticles and investigate the influence of their morphology on the measured Raman spectra. The amounts of oxygen and/or nitrogen in the films are also investigated. Comparative data are obtained by X-ray Photoelectrons Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electron Microscopies (Scanning and Transmission), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis. The power density of the laser beam used to perform Raman microscopy is varied by up to 4 orders of magnitude (0.01-20 mW/μm 2 ) to investigate thermal stability of films and nanoparticles. As a first result, we give evidence that Raman microscopy is sensitive enough to detect surface native oxides. Secondly, more tungsten oxides are detected in porous materials and nanoparticles than in compact films, and the intensities of the Raman band correlate to their oxygen content. Thirdly, thermal stability of these films (i.e. structural and chemical modification under laser heating) is poor when compact films contain a sufficiently large amount of nitrogen. This finding suggests that nitrogen can be substituted by oxygen during Raman laser induced heating occurring in ambient air. Finally, our methodology can be used to rapidly characterize morphology and chemistry of the samples analyzed, and also to create oxides at the micrometer scale.

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Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (F G) Typical Sem Cross Section View Of Pld Films Porous (F)...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…when using an objective with N.A.=0.9. From a to e: cWO (25,2), pWO(60,2.5), pWO (52,4), pWON (53,12) and pWON (47,9).…”

Section: Morphology and Chemical Composition Figure 2 Morphology Of T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information Retrieved From Raman Absolute Band Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Post-mortem analysis of tungsten plasma facing components in tokamaks: Raman microscopy measurements on compact, porous oxide and nitride films and nanoparticles

Pardanaud¹,

Dellasega²,

Passoni³

et al. 2020

Nucl. Fusion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Numerical assessment of thermal performance of W/Cu monoblock during steady-state operation and plasma vertical displacement events under ITER-like conditions

Huang

Sun

Ding

et al. 2023

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Ion orbit modelling of ELM heat loads on ITER divertor vertical targets

Gunn

Carpentier-Chouchana²,

Dejarnac

et al. 2017

Nuclear Materials and Energy

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Two-dimensional numerical study of ELMs-induced erosion of tungsten divertor target tiles with different edge shapes

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Post-mortem analysis of tungsten plasma facing components in tokamaks: Raman microscopy measurements on compact, porous oxide and nitride films and nanoparticles

Post-mortem analysis of tungsten plasma facing components in tokamaks: Raman microscopy measurements on compact, porous oxide and nitride films and nanoparticles

Numerical assessment of thermal performance of W/Cu monoblock during steady-state operation and plasma vertical displacement events under ITER-like conditions

Ion orbit modelling of ELM heat loads on ITER divertor vertical targets

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