Two-Dimensional Photonic Band-Gap Defect Mode Laser

Painter, Oskar; Lee, R. K.; Scherer, Axel; Yariv, Amnon; O’Brien, John D.; Dapkus, P.D.; Kim, I.

doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1819

Cited by 2,244 publications

(1,075 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[23] By introducing active materials (e.g., quantum wells or dots) in the design of the PhC the possibility of using point defects as resonant cavities for lasing action has also been demonstrated. [24][25][26] 3. Defects in 3D PhCs Figure 1.…”

Section: Defects In 2d Phcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

2006

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Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comment regarding this burden estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188,) Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY ( Leave Blank)2. REPORT DATE Advanced Materials, 18, 2665-2678 (2006). 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) and photonic bandgap (PBG) materials have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest. In order to provide functionality to PhCs, the introduction of controlled defects is necessary; the importance of defects in PhCs is comparable to that of dopants in semiconductors. Over the past few years, significant advances have been achieved through a diverse set of fabrication techniques. While for some routes to 3D PhCs, such as conventional lithography, the incorporation of defects is relatively straightforward; other methods, for example, selfassembly of colloidal crystals (CCs) or holography, require new external methods for defect incorporation. In this review, we will cover the state of the art in the design and fabrication of defects within 3D PhCs. The figure displays a fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy image of a y-splitter defect formed through two-photon polymerization within a CC. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 1416. PRICE CODE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OR REPORT UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ON THIS PAGE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFIED LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL IntroductionPhotonic crystals (PhCs) are materials that possess spatial periodicity in their dielectric constant on the order of the wavelength (k) of light. These materials can strongly modulate light [1] and, with sufficient dielectric contrast and an appropriate geometry, may exhibit a photonic bandgap (PBG). This concept was first proposed in 1975 by Bykov [2] but remained relatively unknown until the seminal work of Yablonovitch [3] and John. [4] In a rough analogy to semiconductors, which possess an electronic bandgap, a PBG material prohibits the existence of photons with energies in the PBG. PhCs are naturally classified by the dimensionality of their periodicity, and in order to rigorously prevent the propagation of PBG frequencies in all directions, a 3D PhC with an omnidirectional, or complete PBG (cPBG) is required. cPBG materials have been fabricated and well characterized for operation at microwave and radio frequencies, however, operation in the visible and IR requires the characteristic length scales of these structures to be scaled down by several orders of magnitude...

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Section: Defects In 2d Phcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

2006

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“…Another direction that deserves special note is to develop other optofluidic microcavity structures, such as microrings (Hohimer et al 1991), microdisks (McCall et al 1992), microdroplets (Tzeng et al 1984), circular Bragg gratings (Erdogan and Hall 1990) and photonic crystal microcavities (Painter et al 1999). The potential high Q, small mode volume and the adaptive nature of such devices are very attractive for both fundamental studies of light-matter interactions and practical applications such as ultrasensitive biological and chemical sensing.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optofluidic dye lasers

Psaltis

2007

Microfluid Nanofluid

159

110

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Optofluidic dye lasers are microfabricated liquid dye lasers enabled by the microfluidics technology. The integration of dye lasers with microfluidics not only facilitates the implementation of complete ''lab-on-a-chip'' systems, but also allows the dynamical control of the laser properties which is not achievable with solid-state optical components. We review the recent demonstrations of onchip liquid dye lasers and some of the pre-microfluidics era microscopic dye lasers which are also amenable to microfluidic implementation. Potential applications and future directions are discussed.

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“…(1) with the effective volume V eff estimated as the product of the effective area A eff and the effective height h eff of the cavity resonant mode. The effective area is calculated by scaling the electric field energy in the PPC structure with the maximum electric field energy density that is confined around the central defect regime of the 2D PPC structure [26]. The effective height is chosen to be 500 nm, which is approximately one wave packet corresponding to the resonant wavelength of the cavity mode.…”

Section: T T H R T I T T I T S T T Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of nanocavity field enhancement using two-dimensional plasmonic photonic crystals

Xing

Dong

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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We have investigated the influence of Ag nanorod radius (r) on the resonant modes of a two-dimensional plasmonic photonic crystal (PPC) with dipole sources embedded into the central vacancy area, using finite-difference time-domain methods. Both the localized surface plasmon (LSP) mode of individual Ag nanorods and the resonant cavity mode of PPC are found to vary as a function of r. The resonant cavity mode is strongly enhanced as r is increased, while the LSP signal will eventually become no longer discernable in the Fourier spectrum of the time-evolved field. An optimized condition for the nanocavity field enhancement is found for a given PPC periodicity (e.g. d = 375 nm) with the critical nanorod radius r c = d/3. At this point the resonant cavity mode has the strongest field enhancement, best field confinement and largest Q-factor. We attribute this to competition between the blocking of cavity confined light to radiate out when the cavity resonant frequency falls inside the opened photonic stopband as r reaches r c , and the transfer of cavity mode energy to inter-particle plasmons when r is further increased.plasmonic photonic crystal, finite-difference time-domain method, localized surface plasmon, Purcell factor Citation:Tao X, Dong Z C. Optimization of nanocavity field enhancement using two-dimensional plasmonic photonic crystals.

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Two-Dimensional Photonic Band-Gap Defect Mode Laser

Cited by 2,244 publications

References 17 publications

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Optofluidic dye lasers

Optimization of nanocavity field enhancement using two-dimensional plasmonic photonic crystals

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