Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

Jiang, Panxing; Zhan, Zhigang; Zhang, Di; Wang, Chenlong; Zhang, Heng; Pan, Mu

doi:10.3390/polym14153203

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Simulation and calculation analysis of PEMFC requires an accurate and clear understanding of its internal reaction. The control equations of the basic computational fluid model of fuel cells are as follows [21][22][23]:…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures (80 °C–120 °C)

Zhang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Membranes

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Investigating the oxygen transport law within the Membrane Electrode Assembly at intermediate temperatures (80–120 °C) is crucial for enhancing fuel cell efficiency. This study analyzed the resistance to oxygen transport within the Membrane Electrode Assembly at intermediate temperatures using limiting current density and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The study findings reveal that, as temperature progressively increases, the Ostwald ripening effect leads to a 34% rise in the local oxygen transport resistance (Rlocal) in relation to the pressure-independent resistance (Rnp) within the cathode catalytic layer. Concurrently, the total transport resistance (Rtotal) decreases from 27.8% to 37.5% due to an increase in the gas diffusion coefficient and molecular reactivity; additionally, there is a decrease in the amount of liquid water inside the membrane electrode. A three-dimensional multiphysics field steady-state model was also established. The model demonstrates that the decrease in oxygen partial pressure can be mitigated effectively by increasing the back pressure at intermediate temperatures to ensure the cell’s performance.

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Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures (80 °C–120 °C)

Zhang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Membranes

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“…where k ele , k ion , ϕ ele , ϕ ion , S ele , S ion represent electron conductivity, proton conductivity, solid phase potential, membrane potential, electron source term, and proton source term, respectively. The description of the details of all the source terms can be referred to in [43,44].…”

Section: Charge Conservation Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Self-Humidification in PEMFC with Crossed Flow Channels and an Ultra-Thin Membrane

Wang,

Chen,

Xiang

et al. 2023

Polymers

Self Cite

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In this study, a 3D model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with crossed channels and an ultra-thin membrane is developed to investigate the feasibility of self-humidification; experiments utilizing a PEMFC stack with identical configurations are conducted to validate the simulation results and further investigate the effects of various operating conditions (OCs) on self-humidification. The results indicate that the crossed flow channel leads to enhanced uniformity of water distribution, resulting in improved cell performance under low/no humidification conditions. External humidifiers for the anode can be removed since the performance difference is negligible (≤3%) between RHa = 0% and 100%. Self-humidification can be achieved in the stack at 90 °C or below with an appropriate back pressure among 100–200 kPa. As the current density increases, there is a gradual convergence and crossing of the voltage at low RH with that at high RH, and the crossover points are observed at 60–80 °C with suitable pressure when successful self-humidification is achieved. Below the current density of the point, the stack’s performance is inferior at lower RH due to membrane unsaturation, and conversely, the performance is inferior at higher RH due to flooding; this current density decreases with higher pressure and lower temperature.

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Ice Nucleation Mechanisms on Platinum Surfaces in PEM Fuel Cells: Effects of Surface Morphology and Wettability

Wang,

Fan,

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Understanding the ice nucleation mechanism in the catalyst layers (CLs) of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and inhibiting icing by designing the CLs can optimize the cold start strategies, which can enhance the performance of PEM fuel cells. Herein, mitigating the structural matching and templating effects by adjusting the surface morphology and wettability can inhibit icing on the platinum (Pt) catalyst surface effectively. The Pt(211) surface can inhibit icing because the atomic spacing of (211) crystalline surface is much larger than the characteristic distance of ice crystal, thereby mitigating the structural matching effects. A water overlayer on the Pt surface induced by the strong attraction of Pt can act as a template for ice layers and plays an important role in the icing process. Buckling of water overlayer due to the larger atomic spacing of (211) crystalline surface mitigates the templating effect and inhibits icing. Moreover, the water overlayer on the hydrophobic Pt(211) surface with fewer water molecules also mitigates the templating effect, which makes ice nucleation more difficult than homogeneous nucleation. These findings reveal the ice nucleation mechanisms on the Pt catalyst surface from the molecular level and are valuable for catalyst designs to inhibit icing in CL.

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Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures (80 °C–120 °C)

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures (80 °C–120 °C)

Study on Self-Humidification in PEMFC with Crossed Flow Channels and an Ultra-Thin Membrane

Ice Nucleation Mechanisms on Platinum Surfaces in PEM Fuel Cells: Effects of Surface Morphology and Wettability

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