Two-Dimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy III: Interpretation of the Degradation of Plant Cell Walls by White Rot Fungi

Abstract

The degradation of lignocellulose by white rot fungi has been studied by two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy to examine the particular functional groups on specific carbohydrates affected by the organisms. The organisms: P. chrysosporium K-3 (Pc), cellulase-less mutant 3113 from P. chrysosporium K-3, cellulase-less mutant 85118-b from P. chrysosporium K-3, Phellinus pini RAB-83-19 (Pp) and C. subvermispora FP 90031-sp (Cs) (and both P. pini and C. subvermispora), differed in the extent to which they removed the phenolic moiety from the carbohydrates and differed in the way that they utilised them. The Cs appears preferentially to utilise the C-5 carbohydrates while the Pc and Pp are much less specific, as evidenced by the changes in the 800-1200 cm -1 C-O-C region of the mid-infrared spectrum. The cellulase-less mutants do not appear to be as active as the Pc and Pp and provide a gradient by which the other organisms' activity can be assessed. The fungal biomass seems to obscure the interpretation at the longer wavelengths, but the 2000 cm -1 region is highly correlated to both carbohydrate and lignin wavelengths in the near infrared spectrum. The 2D technique permits a look at the degradation process and a way to see quickly the differing effects of the fungi on plant cell walls.

Two‐Dimensional Vibration Spectroscopy of Rice Quality and Cooking

“…However, looking across the 1,930 band on the vertical wavelength axis one sees at least six regions of high correlation, including the 1,445 nm and 1,930 nm bands. There are a number of other ways to view these correlations, notably the method of Barton et al (1992Barton et al ( , 1993Barton et al ( , 1995Barton et al ( , 1996 and the synchronous and asynchronous techniques of Noda et al (2000). The Noda et al (2000) correlation technique employs the Hilbert mathematical transform because it was developed for dynamic cases in which a polymer was deformed over time or temperature.…”

“…. nitudes are quantitative in the same sense as those of Barton et al (1992Barton et al ( , 1993Barton et al ( , 1995Barton et al ( , 1996. A synchronous correlation map was made on the rice cultivar Calrose.…”

“…Two-dimensional correlations used two methods 1) the static classical least squares method developed by Barton et al (1992Barton et al ( , 1995 and Himmelsbach (1993, 1996) and 2) the modified dynamic methods of Noda et al (2000) to examine the synchronous and asynchronous behavior of rice gelatinizatrion.…”

“…Ten years ago, two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy techniques were developed that allowed the comparison of different spectral regions and correlated the responses (Barton et al 1992). The technique has been used to describe the process of digestion (Barton et al 1992), lignin (Barton and Himmelsbach 1993), carbohydrates (Barton et al 1995), and the difference between hard red winter and hard red spring wheats (Barton et al 1996). The 1st International Symposium on 2D Correlation Spectroscopy was held in Sanda, Japan, in August 1999.…”

The Use of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy to Characterise the Differences in Research Grade Instruments

“…Two-dimensional correlations were carried out by two methods. First, the static classical least squares method developed by Barton et al 2,4 and Barton and Himmelsbach 3,5 and second, the modifi ed dynamic methods of Noda et al 6 were used to examine the synchronous and asynchronous behaviour of the instruments. The spectra of a set of samples (taken as identically as possible on each instrument) is acquired in each region and arranged in a fi le so that the sample is paired for the two regions being correlated.…”