Two-dimensional water condensation on the NaCl(100) surface

Fölsch, Stefan; Stock, A.; Henzler, M.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(92)90165-3

Cited by 95 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fölsch et al 20 reported a puckered hexagonal c(4 Â 2) bilayer structure on NaCl(001) surface by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) analysis, which is different from what we observed in this work. Our DFT calculations show that the adsorption energy of the c(4 Â 2) structure is very similar to that of the tetramer-based 2D ice structure, suggesting that both structures are thermodynamically favoured.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding water-salt interaction is of fundamental importance to many applied fields ranging from atmospheric chemistry to biology 1,14,18,19 . During past decades, wetting layer structures of water on salt surfaces have been studied using spectroscopic and diffraction techniques as well as ab initio theoretical calculations [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] , but the obtained information is still controversial and far from complete mainly because of the lack of ability to experimentally access the molecular-level details of water/salt interfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An unconventional bilayer ice structure on a NaCl(001) film

et al. 2014

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Water-solid interactions are of broad importance both in nature and technology. The hexagonal bilayer model based on the Bernal-Fowler-Pauling ice rules has been widely adopted to describe water structuring at interfaces. Using a cryogenic scanning tunnelling microscope, here we report a new type of two-dimensional ice-like bilayer structure built from cyclic water tetramers on an insulating NaCl(001) film, which is completely beyond this conventional bilayer picture. A novel bridging mechanism allows the interconnection of water tetramers to form chains, flakes and eventually a two-dimensional extended ice bilayer containing a regular array of Bjerrum D-type defects. Ab initio density functional theory calculations substantiate this bridging growth mode and reveal a striking proton-disordered ice structure. The formation of the periodic Bjerrum defects with unusually high density may have a crucial role as H donor sites in directing multilayer ice growth and in catalysing heterogeneous chemical reactions on water-coated salt surfaces.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An unconventional bilayer ice structure on a NaCl(001) film

et al. 2014

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“…Water adsorption studies on metal-oxide surfaces were initiated by work on its photocatalytic decomposition on TiO 2 [348], followed by investigations on other oxides and ionic compounds [5,338,349,350]. Molecular adsorption mostly occurs via the lone-pair of the O atom to an acidic surface site [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6.21a, a dipole moment of 1.52 Debye units per molecule can be derived [88]. A species with similar properties observed on other surfaces has been described as two-dimensional lattice gas of water [337,338]. The features between -5 and -9 eV below E vac are ascribed to adsorbate induced changes in the substrate emission, which cannot be separated from the water induced emission.…”

Section: Ups Measurements -Adsorbate Identification and Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Surface chemistry and catalysis on well-defined epitaxial iron-oxide layers

Weiß

Ranke

2002

Progress in Surface Science

584

610

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Metal-oxide based catalysts are used for many important synthesis reactions in the chemical industry. A better understanding of the catalyst operation can be achieved by studying elemantary reaction steps on well-defined model catalyst systems. For the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene in the presence of steam both unpromoted and potassium promoted iron-oxide catalysts are active. Here we review the work done over unpromoted single-crystalline FeO(111), Fe 3 O 4 (111) and α-Fe 2 O 3 (0001) films grown epitaxially on Pt(111) substrates. Their geometric and electronic surface structures were characterized by STM, LEED, electron microscopy and electron spectroscopic techniques. In an integrative approach, the interaction of water, ethylbenzene and styrene with these films was investigated mainly by thermal desorption and photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The adsorptiondesorption energetics and kinetics depend on the oxide surface terminations and are correlated to the electronic structures and acid-base properties of the corresponding oxide phases, which reveal insight into the nature of the active sites and into the catalytic function of semiconducting oxides in general. Catalytic studies, using a batch reactor arrangement at high gas pressures and post reaction surface analysis, showed that only α-Fe 2 O 3 (0001) containing surface defects is catalytically active, whereas Fe 3 O 4 (111) is always inactive. This can be related to the elementary adsorption and desorption properties observed in ultrahigh vacuum, which indicates that the surface chemical properties of the iron-oxide films do not change significantly across the "pressure-gap". A model is proposed according to which the active site involves a regular acidic surface sites and a defect site next to it. The results on metal-oxide surface chemistry also have implications for other fields, such as environmental science, biophysics and chemical sensors.-2 -"2kyEi9FYSQjBVrZxIPQ.FHIAC_WRa02_review.doc", Datum: 19.02.03

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“…The Henzler group determined heats of adsorption of water on NaCl(100) [32] and KCl(100). [33] Ranke and co-workers identified adsorption sites and heats of adsorption for ammonia on Ge(001), (113) and (111) surfaces; [30,34] and for water, ethylbenzene and styrene on FeO(111), Fe 3 O 4 (111) and Pt(111) surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption–desorption equilibrium investigations of n-butane on nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia thin films

Lloyd

Hansen

Ranke

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Nanocrystalline thin films of the alkane skeletal isomerisation catalyst sulfated zirconia were successfully deposited on a silicon substrate in order to allow the application of surface science techniques. Thermal treatment of the films was optimised to chemically mimic the powder preparation process, resulting in films possessing the essential features (including tetragonal phase, nanocrystallinity and sulfur content of ~3 atomic %) of active powder catalysts. The n-butane adsorption-desorption equilibrium under isobaric conditions (10 -8 to 10 -6 hPa) over the temperature range 300-100 K was monitored by photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the isobars revealed strong and weak n-butane chemisorption sites, releasing heats of between 59-40 and 47-34 kJ/mol, corresponding to 5 and 25% of a monolayer coverage, respectively. The total amount of chemisorbed n-butane coincides with the estimated number of surface sulfate groups. An increase in adsorption heat was observed between coverages of ~5-8% of a monolayer, indicating adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. It follows that adjacent sites are present and isomerisation by a bimolecular surface reaction is feasible. Physisorption on the films generates heats of ~28 kJ/mol, for coverages from 30% up to a complete monolayer. Multilayer adsorption results in the formation of an electrically insulating adsorbate structure. It is proposed that the strong chemisorption sites correspond to an interaction with a minority disulfate species.

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Two-dimensional water condensation on the NaCl(100) surface

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

An unconventional bilayer ice structure on a NaCl(001) film

An unconventional bilayer ice structure on a NaCl(001) film

Surface chemistry and catalysis on well-defined epitaxial iron-oxide layers

Adsorption–desorption equilibrium investigations of n-butane on nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia thin films

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