Two-dimensional x-ray magnification based on a monolithic beam conditioner

Abstract

In x-ray imaging and beam conditioning it is useful to magnify or demagnify the x-ray beam, or an image, approaching (sub)micrometre resolution or the (sub)micrometre illuminated region. Using an asymmetric diffractor it is possible to expand or compress the x-ray beam in one direction. Combining two such diffractors with mutually perpendicular planes of diffraction even two-dimensional beam expansion or compression can be obtained and, for suitable wavelengths, it is even possible to design and cut a single crystal in such a way that it works as a monolithic device expanding or compressing the x-ray beam in two directions. In this paper, a new magnifying monolithic optical device for a two-dimensional magnification of 25 at 10 keV, based on two noncoplanar asymmetrically inclined {311} diffractors, was designed and made from a single silicon crystal. A ray-tracing image has been simulated to check the functionality of the device. The experimental testing of this device was performed at Optics beamline BM5 at ESRF Grenoble. An undistorted image magnification of about 15 was achieved at a photon beam energy of 9.6 keV. When the photon energy was increased, a higher magnification and increased distortion were observed (horizontal magnification of 39, vertical magnification of 20) at an energy of 10.045 keV. The advantages and disadvantages of the device, as well as further steps to improve it are briefly discussed.

Calculations and surface quality measurements of high-asymmetry angle x-ray crystal monochromators for advanced x-ray imaging and metrological applications

“…The comparison of the intensity throughput was done by setting the angular detector with a perpendicular orientation to the diffraction plane using the SKL simulation program. 25 The simulation results are shown in Figs. 4(a)-4(c).…”

Exploiting the potential of beam-compressing channel-cut monochromators for laboratory high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering experiments

“…The ray-tracing simulations were performed with the SKL program (Korytá r et al, 2003;Mikulík & Kubě na, 2010), written in the C++ language. The program is designed for Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations of setups consisting of an X-ray source and single crystals, mirrors, slits and detectors.…”

Asymmetrically cut crystal pair as x-ray magnifier for imaging at high intensity laser facilities

“…7 In the years that followed, this type of magnifier was extensively studied for the use in conjunction with bright synchrotron sources. 8 When an x-ray beam is diffracted from the surface of the crystal obeying the Bragg law, n = 2d sin B ͑where n is the order, is the wavelength, d is the lattice spacing, and B is the Bragg angle͒, and the planes of the crystal are parallel to the surface, the image has the same size as the source ͓Fig. 1͑a͔͒; a͒ Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, Wildwood, New Jersey, May 2010.…”