Two drying methods of bovine faeces for estimating n-alkane concentration, intake and digestibility: A comparison

Chopa, F. Sánchez; Nadin, Laura; Gonda, Horacio Leandro

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.06.003

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As expected, n-alkane concentrations were higher in fecal samples than in the feed for all cases. Similar results were reported by Sánchez Chopa et al (2012). The grass used as a dietary source for the GZ treatment and, in different proportions, for the MX treatment was composed mainly of perennial ryegrass (97%) and, to a lesser extent, (2.9%) white clover.…”

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The grass used as a dietary source for the GZ treatment and, in different proportions, for the MX treatment was composed mainly of perennial ryegrass (97%) and, to a lesser extent, (2.9%) white clover. The n-alkane concentrations observed in the feces of animals fed with grass in the present study were in the same range as those concentrations obtained in other studies performed with the same grass species, although the range can be quite wide depending on the literature consulted (Lewis et al, 2003;Dove and Mayes, 2005;Ferreira et al, 2007;Sánchez Chopa et al, 2012). Regarding this concern, the concentration and profile of n-alkanes can vary widely within a species and among species according to the time of year, climatic and agricultural conditions, growth stage, and leaf/ stem ratio (Dove and Mayes, 1991).…”

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Regarding this, oven-drying at 60 ºC could affect the n-alkane concentrations in the present study, e.g., n-alkanes with a shorter chain length. Sánchez Chopa et al (2012) found lower n-alkane concentrations in samples of feces oven-dried at 60 ºC than in those samples freeze-dried; e.g., concentrations of the C 29 n-alkane were 24% less, of C 31 were 9% less, of C 33 were 14% less, of C 27 were 12% less, and of the remaining n-alkanes were from 2% to 6% less. However, the low number of replicates (n=4) used by Sánchez Chopa et al (2012) limits the conclusions regarding significant differences in n-alkane concentrations between the two drying methods (oven-dried at 60 ºC or freeze-dried).…”

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sánchez Chopa et al (2012) found lower n-alkane concentrations in samples of feces oven-dried at 60 ºC than in those samples freeze-dried; e.g., concentrations of the C 29 n-alkane were 24% less, of C 31 were 9% less, of C 33 were 14% less, of C 27 were 12% less, and of the remaining n-alkanes were from 2% to 6% less. However, the low number of replicates (n=4) used by Sánchez Chopa et al (2012) limits the conclusions regarding significant differences in n-alkane concentrations between the two drying methods (oven-dried at 60 ºC or freeze-dried). In addition, Elwert et al (2006) found no differences in fecal n-alkane concentrations for oven-dried samples at 65 ºC or freeze-dried samples of ovine feces.…”

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the standard n-alkanes were purchased (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). The fecal concentrations of n-alkanes were corrected using the recovery data reported by Sánchez Chopa et al (2012) for steers of the same breed. N-alkane concentrations for the different diets and feeding periods are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: N-alkane Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Potential of n-alkanes as grass-feeding biomarkers in steers

Martínez¹,

Benavente²,

Morales

2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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. Thirty Holstein-Friesian steers were divided into three groups of ten, and each group was randomly allocated to one of the following three treatments: GZ, diet consisting of 100% pasture; SC, diet consisting of pasture silage: concentrate in a 60:40 ratio; and MX, diet consisting of a gradual decrease in pasture and a gradual increase in SC. Fecal samples were taken daily from every animal, and their n-alkane content was analyzed using gas chromatography. The data obtained in this study showed detectable changes in n-alkane concentrations in steer feces. The changes were noticeable within two to three d after a change in diet, whereas concentrations of n-alkanes remained stable in the feces of animals that did not experience any change in diet. These results can be used as the basis for developing a tool that can determine the type of feed bovines received prior to slaughter.

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Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Feed On N-alkane Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N-alkane Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Potential of n-alkanes as grass-feeding biomarkers in steers

Martínez¹,

Benavente²,

Morales

2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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Use of the N-alkanes to Estimate Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Diet Composition in Sheep Grazing on Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe

Liu

Ya-kui

et al. 2014

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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The application of n-alkane as markers to estimate herbage intake, apparent digestibility and species composition of diet consumed by grazing sheep were studied. Six local Mongolian sheep were used to determine dry matter (DM) intake, apparent DM digestibility and species composition of diet during summer, autumn and winter. Animals were orally dosed twice daily with n-alkane gelatin capsules containing 60 mg C32-alkane as an external marker. Diet composition was estimated by comparing the odd-chain n-alkanes pattern profile (C27-C31) of the consumed plant species with the n-alkanes fecal concentrations of grazing animals, using a non-negative least squares algorithm called 〝EATWHAT〞software package. The alkane pair C32:C33 and C33 alkane were used to estimate DM intake and diet apparent DM digestibility, respectively. The results showed that daily dry matter intake of the sheep were 1.77, 1.61 and 1.18 kg d-1 in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Apparent DM digestibility, CP, ME and NDF intake of diet consumed by sheep decreased significantly (P＜0.01) from summer to winter, with no evident changes in ADF and ADL intake. Diet composition indicated Artemisia frigida Willd was the most dominant diet component, contributed 79.68, 68.12 and 86.26% of sheep's diets in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Cleistogenes songorica Ohwi and Convolvulus ammannii Desr were the important components of the diet. Although Stipa breviflora Griseb is one of the main plant species in the study area, the sheep rarely choosed it. The study indicated that CP and ME in diet consumed by sheep were deficient in winter. Therefore, appropriate supplementation strategies should be indispensable during this period.

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Nitrogen balance in Holstein steers grazing winter oats: effect of nitrogen fertilisation

et al. 2016

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The present study evaluated the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilisation of winter oats on whole-animal N balance (N intake, N excretion in urine and faeces, N retention), partition of urinary N (purine-N derivatives and urea-N) and average daily gain (ADG) in grazing steers. The experimental area was divided in two plots (10 steers/plot), and samples were obtained in two periods (one plot/period).The experimental area was divided in two plots, and each plot in 10 strips. Twenty Holstein steers (161.3 ± 7 kg of initial bodyweight) grazed, for 51 days, individual strips of fertilised (100 kg N/ha; N100) and non-fertilised (N0) winter oats during daylight (10 h/day). The daily individual grazing paddock was adjusted to offer 6 kg DM of green leaf·100 kg/BW.day. Chemical composition of the herbage and N diurnal variation were estimated by collecting three samples per paddock at 0830 hours, 1330 hours and 1830 hours, twice on each sampling period. Forage intake and in vivo digestibility were estimated by the n-alkane technique. Individual N intake was estimated using n-alkane data, the ingestive behaviour data and the diurnal variation of the chemical composition of the forage. N fertilisation increased N content [P < 0.01; N0 = 11.4% crude protein (CP) vs N100 = 13.9% CP] and decreased the water-soluble carbohydrate content (P < 0.01; N0 = 21.1% vs N100 = 16.8%) in the forage, but did not modify herbage mass or the DM content. Dry matter intake (4.72 kg DM/day), water intake (7.57 L/day) and DM digestibility (67%) were not affected by N fertilisation. However, N intake and N digestibility were higher in N100 than in N0 (20 vs 7 g N/day). Although treatments had similar faecal N excretions (average 45.4 g N/day), there was a trend to increase urinary N excretion with N intake (P = 0.08; N100 = 53.3 vs N0 = 47.5 g N/day), a trend to increase N-allantoin excretion (P = 0.11; N100 = 3.18 vs N0 = 2.91 g/day) and an increase in urea-N excretion (P < 0.01; N100 = 30.7 vs N0 = 23.8 g/day). Increasing N intake led to greater N retention (P < 0.02; N100 = 37.9 vs N0 = 20.9 g N/day) and ADG (P < 0.03; N100 = 860 vs N0 = 698 g/day). These results suggest that fertilising winter oats with 100 kg N/ha improves N retention and ADG in young steers under grazing conditions.

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Two drying methods of bovine faeces for estimating n-alkane concentration, intake and digestibility: A comparison

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Potential of n-alkanes as grass-feeding biomarkers in steers

Potential of n-alkanes as grass-feeding biomarkers in steers

Use of the N-alkanes to Estimate Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Diet Composition in Sheep Grazing on Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe

Nitrogen balance in Holstein steers grazing winter oats: effect of nitrogen fertilisation

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