Two enone fatty acids isolated from Gracilaria verrucosa suppress the production of inflammatory mediators by down-regulating NF-κB and STAT1 activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

Lee, Hye-Ja; Dang, Hung; Kang, Guolian; Yang, Eun Jin; Park, Sun-Soon; Yoon, Weon‐Jong; Jung, Jee H.; Kang, Hee‐Kyoung; Yoo, Eun-Sook

doi:10.1007/s12272-009-1320-0

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The enone fatty acid analogues, including C10, not only downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-· and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, but also blocked various inflammation-and apoptosis-related signaling pathways, such as the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and NF-κB pathways. In contrast, these compounds did not inhibit PI3K/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) signaling (35). In the present study, we show that C10 inhibits ERK, JNK and NF-κB signaling in macrophages stimulated by LPS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

A natural anti-inflammatory enone fatty acid inhibits angiogenesis by attenuating nuclear factor-ÎºB signaling in vascular endothelial cells

et al. 2011

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Abstract. An anti-inflammatory enone fatty acid, (E)-9-oxooctadec-10-enoic acid (C10), was previously isolated from red alga (Gracilaria verrucosa). Of the many cellular signaling pathways activated in response to the inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide, the extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2, the stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase and the nuclear factor-κB pathways were specifically blocked by C10 in the macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7. In this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of C10 in endothelial cells. C10 only partially inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cell lines at relatively high concentrations of over 20 μg/ml. However, C10 inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of 4-8 μg/ml. Both the proliferation and the migration of HUVECs induced by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were markedly blocked by C10 with IC 50 values of 2-3 μg/ml. The activation of nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, ·, by tumor necrosis factor-· or VEGF in these cells was also blocked by C10. Furthermore, in an in vivo model of angiogenesis in the mouse cornea, the neovascularization induced by VEGF was markedly inhibited by C10. The processes involved in inflammatory signaling, angiogenesis, and the development of malignancy in cancer are closely related, suggesting that C10 could be a useful lead compound for the development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies for cancer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

A natural anti-inflammatory enone fatty acid inhibits angiogenesis by attenuating nuclear factor-ÎºB signaling in vascular endothelial cells

et al. 2011

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“…Algae found growing in abundance off the coastal areas of many parts of the world represent a huge yet untapped potential for new source of therapeutics [12,13]. The red algae for example has been reported to contain active compounds that may help ameliorate inflammation of the alimentary tract [14], prevent or treat gastric ulcers and cancers caused by oxidative stress [15,16], inhibit inflammatory activities by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators [17-19] and induce cancer cell apoptosis in stomach [20] and colon [21]. Natural compounds derived from the edible algae could be safer to be used as anti-inflammatory and gastric anti-ulcerogenic therapeutics as they have been taken as food and used in traditional medicines since time immemorial [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effects of red algae Gracilaria changii (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) extract

Shu

Appleton²,

Zandi

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundGracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia, a red algae commonly found in the coastal areas of Malaysia is traditionally used for foods and for the treatment of various ailments including inflammation and gastric ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii.MethodsMethanolic extract of Gracilaria changii (MeOHGCM6 extract) was prepared and standardized using mass spectrometry (MS). Anti-inflammatory activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by treating U937 cells during its differentiation with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Tumour necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) response level and TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression were monitored and compared to that treated by 10 nM betamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug. Gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by feeding rats with MeOHGCM6 extract ranging from 2.5 to 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) following induction of gastric lesions. Production of mucus and gastric juice, pH of the gastric juice and non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) levels were determined and compared to that fed by 20 mg/kg b.w. omeprazole (OMP), a known anti-ulcer drug.ResultsMS/MS analysis of the MeOHGCM6 extracts revealed the presence of methyl 10-hydroxyphaeophorbide a and 10-hydroxypheophytin a, known chlorophyll proteins and several unidentified molecules. Treatment with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract during differentiation of U937 cells significantly inhibited TNF-α response level and TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. The inhibitory effect was comparable to that of betamethasone. No cytotoxic effects were recorded for cells treated with the 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Rats fed with MeOHGCM6 extract at 500 mg/kg b.w. showed reduced absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesion sizes by > 99% (p < 0.05). This protective effect was comparable to that conferred by OMP. The pH of the gastric mucus decreased in dose-dependent manner from 5.51 to 3.82 and there was a significant increase in NP-SH concentrations.ConclusionsResults from the study, suggest that the mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracillaria changii possesses anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic properties. Further examination of the active constituent of the extract and its mechanism of action is warranted in the future.

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“…Several reports have demonstrated that some constituents of Gracilaria possess anti-inflammatory properties [23], [33], [34]. COX-2, a pro-inflammatory enzyme, is linked to HCV-associated liver carcinogenesis [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Extract of the Edible Gracilaria tenuistipitata Inhibits Hepatitis C Viral Replication via Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppression and Reduces Virus-Induced Inflammation

et al. 2013

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Using an in vitro cell-based HCV replicon and JFH-1 infection system, we demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata (AEGT) concentration-dependently inhibited HCV replication at nontoxic concentrations. AEGT synergistically enhanced interferon-α (IFN-α) anti-HCV activity in a combination treatment. We found that AEGT also significantly suppressed virus-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at promoter transactivation and protein levels. Notably, addition of exogenous COX-2 expression in AEGT-treated HCV replicon cells gradually abolished AEGT anti-HCV activity, suggesting that COX-2 down-regulation was responsible for AEGT antiviral effects. Furthermore, we highlighted the inhibitory effect of AEGT in HCV-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression such as the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitrite oxide synthase and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner to evaluate the potential therapeutic supplement in the management of patients with chronic HCV infections.

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Two enone fatty acids isolated from Gracilaria verrucosa suppress the production of inflammatory mediators by down-regulating NF-κB and STAT1 activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

A natural anti-inflammatory enone fatty acid inhibits angiogenesis by attenuating nuclear factor-ÎºB signaling in vascular endothelial cells

A natural anti-inflammatory enone fatty acid inhibits angiogenesis by attenuating nuclear factor-ÎºB signaling in vascular endothelial cells

Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effects of red algae Gracilaria changii (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) extract

Aqueous Extract of the Edible Gracilaria tenuistipitata Inhibits Hepatitis C Viral Replication via Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppression and Reduces Virus-Induced Inflammation

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