Two Epitopes Shared by
 Taenia crassiceps
 and
 Taenia solium
 Confer Protection against Murine
 T. crassiceps
 Cysticercosis along with a Prominent T1 Response

Toledo, Andrea; Fragoso, Gladis; Rosas, Gabriela; Hernández, Marisela; Gevorkian, Goar; López‐Casillas, Fernando; Hernández, Beatríz; Acero, Gonzalo; Huerta, Mario; Larralde, Carlos; Sciutto, Edda

doi:10.1128/iai.69.3.1766-1773.2001

Cited by 76 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cysticercosis caused by Taenia crassiceps usually affects rodents, with canines as final hosts (10), although there are reports that immunocompromised humans can be infected with this parasite (21). Nevertheless, experimental murine cysticercosis has been a useful model for studying the immune mechanisms involved in determining the disease outcome of cysticercosis (30,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

A STAT4-Dependent Th1 Response Is Required for Resistance to the Helminth ParasiteTaenia crassiceps

et al. 2004

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To determine the role of STAT4-dependent Th1 responses in the regulation of immunity to the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps, we monitored infections with this parasite in resistant mice lacking the STAT4 gene. While T. crassiceps-infected STAT4 ؉/؉ mice rapidly resolved the infection, STAT4 ؊/؊ mice were highly susceptible to infection and displayed large parasite loads. Moreover, the inability of STAT4 ؊/؊ mice to control the infection was associated with the induction of an antigen-specific Th2-type response characterized by significantly higher levels of Th2-associated immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and total IgE as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 than those in STAT4 ؉/؉ mice, who produced significantly more gamma interferon. Furthermore, early after infection, macrophages from STAT4؊/؊ mice produced lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1␤, and nitric oxide (NO) than those from STAT4 ؉/؉ mice, suggesting a pivotal role for macrophages in mediating protection against cysticercosis. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the STAT4 signaling pathway in the development of a Th1-type immune response that is essential for mediating protection against the larval stage of T. crassiceps infection.

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A STAT4-Dependent Th1 Response Is Required for Resistance to the Helminth ParasiteTaenia crassiceps

et al. 2004

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“…C ysticercosis caused by Taenia crassiceps (1-3) is well known as a source of cross-reacting Ags useful in the immunodiagnosis of human cestode disease (4 -6), as well as a practical model for testing candidate vaccines against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis (7)(8)(9). It is also a manageable experimental system designed to explore the roles of biological factors involved in host susceptibility (10 -12).…”

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Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Morales‐Montor

Baig

Mitchell

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis results in an impressive feminization in male mice during chronic infection, characterized by increased serum estradiol levels 100 times their normal values, while those of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are decreased by 85 and 95% respectively. Concomitantly, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and IL-6 are increased 70 and 90 times their normal values in the infected male mice. Since a specific Th1/Th2 shift of the immune response has been previously reported during the chronic infection, and this shift may be associated with the feminization process, we proposed that this shift is induced by immunoendocrine interactions during the disease, and this gives way to a change in the initial resistance to the infection in the male mice, which become as susceptible as female mice. To confirm this hypothesis, we depleted immune system activity in two different ways: total body irradiation and neonatal thymectomy. Our results show that when immune system activity is depleted using either strategy, the male mice do not feminize, and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and IL-6 are inhibited. Depletion of IL-6 using IL-6−/− knockout mice does not produce the feminization process stated above, while restitution of the IL-6−/− knockout, irradiated, and thymectomized mice with murine recombinant IL-6 restores the feminization process. Expression of the IL-6 gene was found only in the testes and spleen of infected animals. Our results illustrate the importance of immunoendocrine interactions during a parasitic disease and show a possible new mechanism of parasite establishment in an initially resistant host.

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“…Other important agents are proteins such as TSOL 45 and TSOL 16. In case of Taenia crassiceps (mice) and T. solium (pigs) a vaccine candidate (designated S3Pvac) based on 3 synthetic peptides, KETc1, KETc12 and GK1 having 12, 8 and 18 amino acids, respectively were also shown to be effective [24,25]. It produces 90% protection in mice after successfully expressed in 19 different transgenic papaya clones [26].…”

Section: Vaccine For Cestodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian Parasitic Vaccine: A Consolidated Exposition

Sumbria¹,

Singla²

2015

J Vaccines Immun

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Parasites are highly prevalent in livestock worldwide and infect over one fourth of the human population also. Parasites are successful in evading host immune responses, and vaccination can prove to be an effective way to control them. However, currently very few vaccines are available against parasitic infection. Two important limitations in the emergence of effective parasitic vaccines are incomplete understanding of the immunoregulatory pathways involved in immunity, and the lack of precise information regarding host-pathogen interactions. Precise identification of parasite genes and the role of their products in parasite biology may assist in the identification of useful antigens, which could then be produced in recombinant systems. Many recombinant parasitic antigens have been successfully used in livestock and new vaccines are under trail. Numerous vaccine antigens are defined to target a wide range of parasite species. Thus vaccines offer a green solution to control disease. Vaccines have multiple beneficial effects such as improvement of animal health and welfare by controlling animal infestations and infections; diminishing resistance to anthelmintics, acaricides and antibiotics; improving public health status by controlling food borne pathogens and zoonoses aspect related to animals; keeping animals and the environment free of chemical residues and maintaining biodiversity. This current review is an attempt to consolidate all commercial or under-trail vaccine for mammalian parasites.$ 64.6 million are lost in productivity losses. The average total costs for persons with mild, moderate, and severe illness were $116, $475, and $7,808, respectively [7,8]. In order to come out from adverse effect of these parasites an urge of effective control is needed. Up till now the control strategy of parasites relies mainly on the use of chemotherapy like anthelminthes, antiprotozoal drugs and insecticides etc, as they are safe, cheap and effective against a broad spectrum of parasites [9,10]. But indiscriminate use of these drugs led to the emergence of drug resistance in many targeted parasites [11]. On the same time, issues of residues in the food chain and environment have arisen, which threaten their sustained use [12]. So scientist and researcher are now a days concentrating on development of alternate sustainable methods like vaccinations, novel therapeutic regimens and immnuomodulations against these parasite [2]. The term "vaccine" was first coined by Edward Jenner in 1881; it was derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). Vaccines are used to generate antibodies and boost immunity against a disease, and usually contain an agent which may be the microorganism, its product, toxins or one of its surface proteins, treated/modified to be used as an antigen without causing disease [13]. It can be prophylactic or therapeutic. Vaccination helps in the development of acquired immunity by inoculating non-pathogenic but immunogenic components of the pathogen, or closely related organisms. In animal ...

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Two Epitopes Shared by Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium Confer Protection against Murine T. crassiceps Cysticercosis along with a Prominent T1 Response

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

A STAT4-Dependent Th1 Response Is Required for Resistance to the Helminth ParasiteTaenia crassiceps

A STAT4-Dependent Th1 Response Is Required for Resistance to the Helminth ParasiteTaenia crassiceps

Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Mammalian Parasitic Vaccine: A Consolidated Exposition

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