Two fatal cases of psittacosis caused by Chlamydophila psittaci

Petrovay, Fruzsina; Balla, Eszter

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.2008/001578-0

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The risk of psittacosis is highest among individuals in direct contact with birds, e.g., poultry sector workers, veterinarians, pet shop employees, and pet bird owners. A number of recent reports suggest that numerous cases of psittacosis are linked to domestic poultry and that turkeys, ducks, and chickens could be important reservoirs of infection in humans, for example, in poultry farm, hatchery, slaughterhouse, and processing plant workers (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Because of the severity and potentially fatal outcome of human psittacosis and the serious hazard to workers, European Directive 2000/54/EC (16) and the Approved List of Biological Agents of the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (17) have classified C. psittaci as a "hazard group 3" human pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Chlamydia psittaci Shedding and Environmental Contamination as Potential Sources of Worker Exposure throughout the Mule Duck Breeding Process

Hulin

Bernard

Vorimore

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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g Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for avian chlamydiosis, otherwise known as psittacosis, a zoonotic disease that may lead to severe atypical pneumonia. This study was conducted on seven mule duck flocks harboring asymptomatic birds to explore the circulation and persistence of C. psittaci during the entire breeding process and assess the potential sources of worker exposure. Cloacal swabs and air samples were taken on each occasion requiring humans to handle the birds. In parallel, environmental samples, including dust, water, and soil, were collected. Specific real-time PCR analyses revealed the presence of C. psittaci in all flocks but with three different shedding patterns involving ducks about the age of 4, 8, and 12 weeks with heavy, moderate, and low excretion levels, respectively. Air samples were only positive in flocks harboring heavy shedders. Dust in flocks with heavy or moderate shedders carried chlamydial loads strongly associated with the loads detected in avian and soil samples. Environmental contamination, significantly correlated with shedding dynamics, was considered to be the most probable source of exposure. The high prevalence of bacteriophage Chp1 in all flocks, mostly jointly present with chlamydia, suggests an important factor in C. psittaci persistence, thus creating a greater risk for humans. A survey conducted in these flocks regarding farming practices and activities showed that disinfection seems to be the most promising practice for reducing C. psittaci prevalence in ducks and that the place and the duration of action during operations seem to be potential risk factors. Strict adherence to good practices is strongly recommended.

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Chlamydia psittaci Shedding and Environmental Contamination as Potential Sources of Worker Exposure throughout the Mule Duck Breeding Process

Hulin

Bernard

Vorimore

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Domiciliary outbreak of chlmydiosis in dogs with potential zoonotic transmission is documented by Greshan et al [18]. Chlamydophila psittaci can cause fatal humans infections [19]. Kampinga et al [2] described that lambing ewes can be the source of severe chlamydiosis in a pregnant women.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJVV

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Emerging zoonoses of varied etiologies constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and in a wide species of animals. Among these, chlamydiosis caused by Chlamydiophila psittaci, is an infectious emerging zoonosis of considerable significance. The disease is reported from many countries of the world including India. The respiratory tract is recognized as the prime portal of entry. Clinical findings are variable, which include respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, musculoskeletal and dermatological. Mortality rate in untreated patients can be 10 to 20%. Chlamydiosis can be diagnosed by microbiological, immunological and molecular techniques. Tetracyclines and doxcycycline are considered the treatment of choice. It is imperative that patient with atypical pneumonia and history of contact with birds should be investigated for C. psittaci infection. Increased awareness about disease can help to shorten the diagnostic delay and improve patient outcome. It is emphasized that zoonotic transmission risk from pet birds and domestic animals should be further recognized. New approaches for the control of chalmydiosis in poor resource nations seem imperative. Stronger cordial cooperation is required among the veterinary, medical, public health and wild life scientists to control the emerging zoonoses including chlamydiosis. Keywords:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations including enteritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, infertility and abortion in animals, as well as blindness and urogenital or respiratory symptoms in humans (Longbottom & Coulter, 2003;Rohde et al, 2010). Exceptionally, severe disease and even death may result from chlamydial exposure (Petrovay & Balla, 2008).Chlamydia is a single genus in the family Chlamydiaceae and comprises nine different species (Longbottom & Coulter, 2003;Stephens et al, 2009). Four of these species have been described in pigs: Chlamydia suis, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci (Rohde et al, 2010;Schautteet & Vanrompay, 2011).…”

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Seroprevalence of Chlamydia infection in pigs in Jiangxi province, south-eastern China

Jiang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Chlamydia are Gram-negative obligate bacteria that cause a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. To assess the risk of zoonosis posed by pigs, a total of 920 serum samples were collected from pigs in 11 administrative cities in Jiangxi province, south-eastern China, and the seroprevalence of Chlamydia antibodies was investigated by an indirect haemagglutination assay. The pathogen-specific antibodies were detected in 539 (58.59 %) pigs with seroprevalence ranging from 33.33 % (Jingdezhen) to 90.91 % (Pingxiang) among different cities (P,0.05). The highest prevalence was found in pregnant sows (80.89 %, 127/157), followed by breeding boars (79.37 %, 50/63), suckling sows (77.01 %, 67/87), fattening pigs (69.32 %, 61/88) and nonpregnant sows (62.5 %, 180/288). Piglets had the lowest prevalence of 22.78 % (54/237). The seroprevalence of Chlamydia infection among different categories of pigs was also significantly different (P,0.05). These results indicate that Chlamydia is highly prevalent in pigs in Jiangxi province and our results indicate that the presence of Chlamydia exposure in pigs may pose a potential threat to human health. INTRODUCTIONChlamydia are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that are clinically and epidemiologically important in both human and veterinary medicine. They can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations including enteritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, infertility and abortion in animals, as well as blindness and urogenital or respiratory symptoms in humans (Longbottom & Coulter, 2003;Rohde et al., 2010). Exceptionally, severe disease and even death may result from chlamydial exposure (Petrovay & Balla, 2008).Chlamydia is a single genus in the family Chlamydiaceae and comprises nine different species (Longbottom & Coulter, 2003;Stephens et al., 2009). Four of these species have been described in pigs: Chlamydia suis, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci (Rohde et al., 2010;Schautteet & Vanrompay, 2011). Currently, pigs are the only known natural host of C. suis. A high degree of genetic diversity was observed in C. suis when compared with other chlamydial species. C. pecorum has been isolated only from mammals, such as pigs, ruminants and koalas, causing a wide range of pathologies. C. abortus is one of the main pathogens causing abortion in sheep in many countries, and has also been associated with abortion in pigs. Furthermore, pregnant women can be infected through contact with animals infected with C. abortus, as it is also a zoonotic pathogen (Schautteet & Vanrompay, 2011). C. psittaci is another zoonotic pathogen that poses a risk to public health.To date, studies concerning Chlamydia infection in pigs have been reported in many countries (Di Francesco et al., 2006;Eggemann et al., 2000;Schautteet et al., 2013;Vanrompay et al., 2004), and several studies have reported the seroprevalence of Chlamydia infection in pigs in central and southern China (Xu et al., 2010;Zhang et al., 2013;Zhou et al., 2008). Limited inf...

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Two fatal cases of psittacosis caused by Chlamydophila psittaci

Cited by 69 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Chlamydia psittaci Shedding and Environmental Contamination as Potential Sources of Worker Exposure throughout the Mule Duck Breeding Process

Assessment of Chlamydia psittaci Shedding and Environmental Contamination as Potential Sources of Worker Exposure throughout the Mule Duck Breeding Process

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Seroprevalence of Chlamydia infection in pigs in Jiangxi province, south-eastern China

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