Two fold increase in synthesis of gold nanoparticles assisted by proteins and phenolic compounds in Pongamia seed cake extract: response surface methodology approach

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to optimise the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Pongamia seed cake (PSC). Proteins, amino acids and phenolic compounds present in the PSC extract are responsible for reducing the metal precursor salt to nanoparticles. The levels of factors for optimisation of nanoparticles synthesis was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer by one factor at a time studies. Further factorial design was employed to study the significant effect of various parameters on the nanoparticles synthesis. The levels of two significant factors i.e. pH and concentration of PSC extract as obtained from factorial design were optimized further for maximum nanoparticle synthesis applying central composite design. The optimized conditions were found to be pH 3.6 and PSC extract concentration of 17.07% (w/v) at which an increase (OD at 530 nm = 1.3) in nanoparticle synthesis was observed as compared to un-optimized conditions (OD at 530 nm = 0.66). The model obtained on optimization was validated and it describes the nanoparticle synthesis aptly with an error between experimental and predicted values of just 1.15% with an R 2 of 0.985. It can be concluded that, RSM approach was found to be an efficient technique to optimize the reaction conditions, where a twofold increase in synthesis of small sized monodispersed gold nanoparticles was seen.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.

Characterization and evaluation of multiple biological activities of phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles using aqueous extract ofEuphorbia dendroides

“…74,88,89 On the contrary, optimum acidic or neutral pH has been previously reported for the biosynthesis of AuNPs from other plant extracts. [90][91][92] Indeed, it was concluded that formation of MNPs is highly dependent on the solution pH, as it controls the size and morphology of the biosynthesized NPs. Moreover, it affects the amount and stability of the produced NPs as well as influencing the rate of the reduction reaction.…”

Process Optimization for the Bioinspired Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Cordyceps militaris, Its Characterization, and Assessment of Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy

“…Nanoparticles with improved properties have become increasingly crucial in multiple health and environmental applications. Several synthesis methods, including chemical, physical, and biological ones, have been developed to create these nanoparticles [ 4 , 5 ]. However, one or more potentially harmful chemical species are adsorbed on the surface of materials synthesized using chemical and physical methods.…”