Two herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides reduce the in-vitro growth of a specialist but not of a generalist pathogenic fungus of Plantago lanceolata L

Marak, Hamida B.; Biere, Arjen; Damme, Jos M. M. Van

doi:10.1007/pl00012667

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…larvae, Elateridae) on secondary plant chemistry of two full-sib families of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) from lines that were selected for low and high levels of defensive compounds (iridoid glycosides [IG]). IG are known to deter generalist insect herbivores (Bowers and Puttick 1988) and pathogens (Marak et al 2002a). However, they are used as feeding and oviposition stimulants by specialist herbivores (Bowers 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

et al. 2008

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Root herbivores can indirectly affect aboveground herbivores by altering the food quality of the plant. However, it is largely unknown whether plant genotypes differ in their response to root herbivores, leading to variable defensive phenotypes. In this study, we investigated whether rootfeeding insect larvae (Agriotes sp. larvae, wireworms) induce different responses in Plantago lanceolata plants from lines selected for low and high levels of iridoid glycosides (IG). In the absence of wireworms, plants of the "high-IG line" contained approximately twofold higher levels of total IG and threefold higher levels of catalpol (one of the IG) in leaves than plants from the "low-IG line," whereas both lines had similar levels of IG in roots. In response to wireworms, roots of plants from both lines showed increased concentrations of catalpol. Leaves of "low-IG line" plants increased catalpol concentrations in response to wireworms, whereas catalpol concentrations of leaves of "high-IG line" plants decreased. In contrast, glucose concentrations in roots of "low-IG" plants decreased, while they increased in "high-IG" plants after feeding by wireworms. The leaf volatile profile differed between the lines, but was not affected by root herbivores. In the field, leaf damage by herbivores was higher in wireworm-induced compared to noninduced "low-IG" plants and lower in wireworm-induced compared to noninduced "high-IG" plants, despite induction of catalpol in leaves of the "low-IG" plants and reduction in "high-IG" plants. This pattern might arise if damage is caused mainly by specialist herbivores for which catalpol may act as feeding stimulant rather than as deterrent. The present study documents for the first time that intraspecific variation in plant defense affects the outcome of plant-mediated interactions between root and shoot herbivores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

et al. 2008

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“…Several studies have documented genetic variation in IG levels within and among populations of P. lanceolata (Bowers andStamp 1992, 1993;Adler et al 1995). Marak et al (2000) have estimated a realized heritability (Ϯ SE) of leaf IG concentrations in P. lanceolata of 0.23 Ϯ 0.07. The deterrent effects of aucubin and catalpol on pathogens (Rombouts and Links 1956;Marak et al 2002) and generalist insect herbivores of P. lanceolata (Bowers and Puttick 1988;Bowers 1991) are well documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Marak et al (2000) have estimated a realized heritability (Ϯ SE) of leaf IG concentrations in P. lanceolata of 0.23 Ϯ 0.07. The deterrent effects of aucubin and catalpol on pathogens (Rombouts and Links 1956;Marak et al 2002) and generalist insect herbivores of P. lanceolata (Bowers and Puttick 1988;Bowers 1991) are well documented. By contrast, specialist insects can use these compounds as feeding and oviposition stimulants (Pereyra and Bowers 1988;Klockars et al 1993) and sequester them for their own defense against predators and parasitoids (Dyer and Bowers 1996;Camara 1997;Suomi et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fitness Costs of Chemical Defense in Plantago Lanceolata L.: Effects of Nutrient and Competition Stress

2003

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Abstract. Fitness costs of defense are often invoked to explain the maintenance of genetic variation in levels of chemical defense compounds in natural plant populations. We investigated fitness costs of iridoid glycosides (IGs), terpenoid compounds that strongly deter generalist insect herbivores, in ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) using lines that had been artificially selected for high and low leaf IG concentrations for four generations. Twelve maternal half-sib families from each selection line were grown in four environments, consisting of two nutrient and two competition treatments. We tested whether: (1) in the absence of herbivores and pathogens, plants from lines selected for high IG levels have a lower fitness than plants selected for low IG levels; and (2) costs of chemical defense increase with environmental stress. Vegetative biomass did not differ between selection lines, but plants selected for high IG levels produced fewer inflorescences and had a significantly lower reproductive dry weight than plants selected for low IG levels, indicating a fitness cost of IG production. Line-by-nutrient and line-by-competition interactions were not significant for any of the fitness-related traits. Hence, there was no evidence that fitness costs increased with environmental stress. Two factors may have contributed to the absence of higher costs under environmental stress. First, IGs are carbon-based chemicals. Under nutrient limitation, the relative carbon excess may result in the production of IGs without imposing a further constraint on growth and reproduction. Second, correlated responses to selection on IG levels indicate the existence of a positive genetic association between IG level and cotyledon size. At low nutrient level, a path analysis based on family means revealed that in the presence of competitors, the negative direct effect of a high IG level on aboveground plant dry weight was partly offset by a positive direct effect of the associated larger cotyledon size. This indicates that fitness costs of defense may be modulated by environment-specific fitness effects of genetically associated traits.

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“…methanol, then filtered and diluted 10 times with ultrapure water. The concentration of the IGs aucubin and catalpol were analyzed using HPLC as described by Marak et al (2002b). Due to practical limitations, leaf and root chemistry could only be determined for a subset of the treatments.…”

Section: Plants and Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these compounds affect the performance of both plant-beneficial and plant-pathogenic fungi (Marak et al 2002b;Biere et al 2004;De Deyn et al 2009). Several studies have shown that iridoid glycoside concentrations can increase in response to damage by aboveground (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arriving at the right time : a temporal perspective on above-belowground herbivore interactions

Wang

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Two herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides reduce the in-vitro growth of a specialist but not of a generalist pathogenic fungus of Plantago lanceolata L

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

Intraspecific Variation in Plant Defense Alters Effects of Root Herbivores on Leaf Chemistry and Aboveground Herbivore Damage

Fitness Costs of Chemical Defense in Plantago Lanceolata L.: Effects of Nutrient and Competition Stress

Arriving at the right time : a temporal perspective on above-belowground herbivore interactions

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