Three lanthanide-based two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers (CPs), [Ln(L)(H 2 O) 2 ] n ,{ H 3 L = (HO) 2 P(O)CH 2 CO 2 H; Ln = Dy 3 + (CP 1), Er 3 + (CP 2)} and [{Gd 2 (L) 2 (H 2 O) 3 } . H 2 O] n ,( CP 3)w ere hydrothermally synthesized using phosphonoacetica cid as al inker.S tructural features revealed that the dinuclear Ln 3 + nodes were present in the 2D sheet of CP 1 and CP 2 while in the case of CP 3, nodes were furtherc onnected to each other forminga chain-type arrangement throughout the network. The magnetic studies show field-induced slow magnetic relaxation property in CP 1 and CP 2 with U eff values of 72 K( relaxation time, t 0 = 3.05 10 À7 s) and 38.42 K( relaxation time, t 0 =4.60 10 À8 s) respectively.A b-initio calculations suggest that the gt ensoro fK ramers doublet of thel anthanide ion (Dy 3 + and Er 3 + )i ss trongly axial in nature which reflects in the slow magnetic relaxation behavior of both CPs. CP 3 exhibits as ignificant magnetocalorice ffect with ÀDS m = 49.29 Jkg À1 K À1 ,o ne of the highest value among the reported 2D CPs. Moreover, impedance analysis of all the CPs show high proton conductivity with values of 1.13 10 À6 Scm À1 ,2 .73 10 À3 Scm À1 and 2, 6.27 10 À6 Scm À1 for CPs 1-3,r espectively,a th igh temperature (> 75 8C) and maximum 95 %relative humidity (RH).[a] S.