Two Low-temperature-inducibleChlorellaGenes forΔ12 andω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD): Isolation ofΔ12 and ω-3 fad cDNA Clones,…

Suga, K.; Honjoh, Ken–ichi; Furuya, Naoki; Shimizu, Hideyuki; Nishi, Koutarou; Shinohara, Fuminori; Hirabaru, Yoshie; Maruyama, Isao; Miyamoto, Takahisa; Hatano, Shoji; M, Iio

doi:10.1271/bbb.66.1314

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the present work, we have thus cloned the P. incisa D12, D6, and D5 desaturases which in conjunction with a recently cloned D6 specific PUFA elongase [43], represent a set of P. incisa genes involved in the biosynthesis of ARA. The deduced amino acid sequences of PiDes12, PiDes6, and PiDes5 contain three histidine rich motifs (his-boxes) that are characteristic of all membrane bound desaturases [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][49][50][51]. Both PiDes6 and PiDes5 contain a fused cytochrome b5 at their N-terminus, supporting their microsomal localization, similar to other functionally characterized front-end desaturases [52,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Identification and Characterization of Δ12, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa

Iskandarov

Khozin‐Goldberg

Cohen

2010

Lipids

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The freshwater microalga Parietochloris incisa accumulates, under nitrogen starvation, large amounts of triacylglycerols containing approximately 60% of the omega6 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA), arachidonic acid. Based on sequence homology, we isolated three cDNA sequences from P. incisa, designated PiDesD12, PiDesD6, PiDesD5. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes contained three conserved histidine motifs; the front-end desaturases, PiDes6 and PiDes5, contained a fused N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain. By functional characterization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we confirmed that PiDesD6, PiDesD5 cDNA encode membrane bound desaturases with Delta6, and Delta5 activity, respectively. Both PiDes6 and PiDes5 can indiscriminately desaturate both omega6 and omega3 substrates. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the three genes were homologous to the corresponding desaturases from green microalgae and lower plants that were functionally characterized. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed the concerted expression pattern of all three genes in P. incisa cells subjected to nitrogen starvation, featuring maximum expression level on day 3 of starvation, corresponding to the sharpest increase in the share of arachidonic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Identification and Characterization of Δ12, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa

Iskandarov

Khozin‐Goldberg

Cohen

2010

Lipids

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“…3A. The deduced protein showed high sequence similarity to previously characterized Δ12-desaturases from various organisms, including the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (47% identity; GenBank: ACF98526.1; [53]) and Chlorella vulgaris (44% identity; GenBank: ACF98528.1; [61]), and Arabidopsis thaliana (45% identity; GenBank: AAA32782.1; [62]). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene revealed the presence of the three conserved His-rich motifs essential for desaturase activity [63,64]: the HXXXH motif (HECGH, 162-166), the HXXHH motif (HGKHH,(198)(199)(200)(201)(202), and the HXXHH motif (HVCHH, 375-379), at the carboxyl terminus (Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of a Putative Microsomal δ12-desaturase From mentioning

confidence: 67%

Metabolic engineering toward enhanced LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Nannochloropsis oceanica : Overexpression of endogenous Δ12 desaturase driven by stress-inducible promoter leads to enhanced deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in TAG

et al. 2015

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“…The recent publication of the genome of a psychrotolerant green algae, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, found amongst the most enriched gene families FA synthases, elongases, lipases, and desaturases [41], highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism under polar conditions. Desaturase enzymes are responsible for inserting double bonds into FAs at specific carbon locations and differential regulation of desaturases indicates locations of double bonds are tightly controlled [42,43]. Upregulation in response to salt stress indicates they are also likely involved in more than just temperature acclimation [44,45].…”

Section: Microalgal Mechanisms To Thrivementioning

confidence: 99%

Polar Microalgae: New Approaches towards Understanding Adaptations to an Extreme and Changing Environment

Lyon

Möck

2014

Biology

101

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Polar Regions are unique and highly prolific ecosystems characterized by extreme environmental gradients. Photosynthetic autotrophs, the base of the food web, have had to adapt physiological mechanisms to maintain growth, reproduction and metabolic activity despite environmental conditions that would shut-down cellular processes in most organisms. High latitudes are characterized by temperatures below the freezing point, complete darkness in winter and continuous light and high UV in the summer. Additionally, sea-ice, an ecological niche exploited by microbes during the long winter seasons when the ocean and land freezes over, is characterized by large salinity fluctuations, limited gas exchange, and highly oxic conditions. The last decade has been an exciting period of insights into the molecular mechanisms behind adaptation of microalgae to the cryosphere facilitated by the advancement of new scientific tools, particularly “omics” techniques. We review recent insights derived from genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies. Genes, proteins and pathways identified from these highly adaptable polar microbes have far-reaching biotechnological applications. Furthermore, they may provide insights into life outside this planet, as well as glimpses into the past. High latitude regions also have disproportionately large inputs into global biogeochemical cycles and are the region most sensitive to climate change.

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Two Low-temperature-inducibleChlorellaGenes forΔ12 andω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD): Isolation ofΔ12 and ω-3 fad cDNA Clones,…

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Identification and Characterization of Δ12, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa

Identification and Characterization of Δ12, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa

Metabolic engineering toward enhanced LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Nannochloropsis oceanica : Overexpression of endogenous Δ12 desaturase driven by stress-inducible promoter leads to enhanced deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in TAG

Polar Microalgae: New Approaches towards Understanding Adaptations to an Extreme and Changing Environment

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