Two Major Extinction Events in the Evolutionary History of Turtles: One Caused by an Asteroid, the Other by Hominins

Pereira, Anieli G.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Silvestro, Daniele; Faurby, Søren

doi:10.1086/729604

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 86 publications

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“…We found that while humans exhibit the greatest impact in the past ca. 120,000 years, our results also point to a weaker yet significant influence of the human lineage at earlier times, thus supporting other studies suggesting a long-lasting detrimental anthropogenic effect on biodiversity ( 79 , 87 – 89 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks

Hauffe,

Cantalapiedra,

Silvestro

2024

Sci. Adv.

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Species life-history traits, paleoenvironment, and biotic interactions likely influence speciation and extinction rates, affecting species richness over time. Birth-death models inferring the impact of these factors typically assume monotonic relationships between single predictors and rates, limiting our ability to assess more complex effects and their relative importance and interaction. We introduce a Bayesian birth-death model using unsupervised neural networks to explore multifactorial and nonlinear effects on speciation and extinction rates using fossil data. It infers lineage- and time-specific rates and disentangles predictor effects and importance through explainable artificial intelligence techniques. Analysis of the proboscidean fossil record revealed speciation rates shaped by dietary flexibility and biogeographic events. The emergence of modern humans escalated extinction rates, causing recent diversity decline, while regional climate had a lesser impact. Our model paves the way for an improved understanding of the intricate dynamics shaping clade diversification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks

Hauffe,

Cantalapiedra,

Silvestro

2024

Sci. Adv.

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Do the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions mark the beginning of the Anthropocene?

Corlett

2024

Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences

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Turtle species extinction across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary

Vlachos

2024

Paleobiology

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The last mass extinction event some 66 million years ago at the Late Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary caused the extinction of many clades, including the non-avian dinosaurs. Turtles, as well as several other vertebrate clades, survived. However, the debate about whether the diversity of turtles was affected during this event is still ongoing. Here, I calculate a global turtle diversity curve at the species level that shows that the diversity of turtle species was already in decline since the Campanian, before the extinction event, and was further reduced during the Danian. The sample coverage of turtle occurrences at the stage level is also calculated and discussed.

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Two Major Extinction Events in the Evolutionary History of Turtles: One Caused by an Asteroid, the Other by Hominins

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks

Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks

Do the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions mark the beginning of the Anthropocene?

Turtle species extinction across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary

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