“…Fumarate can be found as an intermediate in various different metabolic subsystems, and a number of pathways have been investigated for fumarate production in several microbial cell-factories such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis glabrata, Scheffersomyces stipitis and Escherichia coli (Chen et al, , 2016Li et al, 2014;Song et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013Xu et al, , 2012aZhang et al, 2015). Despite the large number of pathways leading to fumarate, the current consensus is that the reductive route of the TCA cycle in the cytosol is responsible for fumarate accumulation in R. delemar (Kenealy et al, 1986;Osmani and Scrutton, 1985;Overman and Romano, 1969;Peleg et al, 1989;Romano et al, 1967).…”