Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Zhou, Zongtao; Zhong, Jun; Zhao, Jing; Yan, Rui; Tian, Lei; Fang, Hong

doi:10.3390/w13172385

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Underground water geochemistry has played an important role in inferring geotectonic activity. Hydrological effects occurring during strong earthquake cycles have been observed both recently and historically (Scholz et al, 1973;King, 1986;Linde et al, 1988;Thomas, 1988;Kitagawa et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2001;Jonsson et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2011;Li et al, 2014;Skelton, 2014;Yan et al, 2014;Yuce et al, 2014;Manga and Wang, 2015;Rosen et al, 2018;Martinelli and Tamburello, 2020;Nakagawa et al, 2020;Fu et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021). Large, localized, and sustained fluid pressures could account for weakness of deep-seated fault (Fulton and Saffer, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zhou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Significant anomalous hydrogeochemical changes in hot spring water are detected during strong seismic cycles. It is now necessary to clarify the relationship between tectonic movements, earthquakes and the evolution of hot springs. In this paper, laboratory analyses of major, trace elements, δD, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of 28 hot spring waters in the Jinshajiang fault zone (JSJFZ) in the northwestern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block were conducted. The results showed that the primary source of water for JSJFZ hot springs was atmospheric precipitation. The geothermal reservoir temperature variation based on the silicon enthalpy mixing model ranged from 73 to 272°C. And the circulation depth range was 1.2–5.4 km. The segmentation characteristics of the 87Sr/86Sr values were related to the influence of source rocks on groundwater cycle processes. A conceptual model of the hydrologic cycle of hot springs explained the spatial distribution of earthquakes associated with tectonic movements. The Batang segment had the strongest water-rock reaction, the highest reservoir temperature and the deepest circulation depth; meanwhile, it was also an earthquake prone area. The fluid circulation of the JSJFZ corresponds well with the seismicity, which indicates that the hydrological characteristics of the hot spring water in a fracture zone play a crucial role in receiving information on seismic activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zhou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The composition of groundwater affected by tectonic activity in fault zones or by earthquakes will be exceptional, and the injection of CO 2 is proposed as a main mechanism for the generation of the abnormalities [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Relationship Between Water Chemistry Anomaly Of the Boiling-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismic activities along faults or fractures may disturb the original equilibrium state of the water-rock interaction in the crust, resulting in abnormal changes in the chemical composition of gas and water in the groundwater [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Long-term observations have shown that the composition of groundwater near the Earth's surface and the gas composition in the soil sensitively record the stress and strain state of the Earth's crust [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Boiling-Wells: Geochemical Windows into the Tectonic Activity of the Maodong Fault (China)

Lin

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Water

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The Maodong Fault (China) was mainly active during the Late Pleistocene. However, in the past century, numerous destructive earthquakes have occurred along the fault zone, indicating its continuing activity. Therefore, refined monitoring of the tectonic activity along the fault is required. Boiling-Wells located in the Maodong Fault Zone were selected for this purpose. The parameters, including the rare earth elements (REE) and gas components, such as CO2, Rn, and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), in the wells were analyzed. By combining field observations with the analytical data, we constrained the relationships between the anomalies of the hydrochemical composition and the gas composition in the Boiling-Wells and the Maodong Fault: (1) CO2 and TVOC in the Boiling-Wells originated from Cenozoic magmatism and associated intrusive rocks. High concentrations of Rn are closely linked to tectonic activities of the Maodong Fault. CO2, TVOC, and Rn are all transported to the Boiling-Wells along the Maodong Fault, with CO2 acting as a carrier gas for Rn. (2) REE in the Boiling-Wells was mainly sourced from CO2 fluids that originated from deep-seated Cenozoic magmas and intrusive rocks. The concentrations of the REE and their distribution patterns were controlled by the input of CO2 fluids and by epigenetic processes. (3) The abnormally high contents of Ca2+, HCO3−, Pb2+, and Al3+ in the Boiling-Wells are attributed to the migration of externally-derived (deep) CO2 fluids through the Maodong Fault. (4) The anomalies of the gaseous (Rn, CO2, and TVOC) and hydrochemical components (Ca2+, HCO3−, Pb2+, Al3+, ∑REE, and REE patterns) in the Boiling-Wells are closely related to the tectonic activity of the Maodong Fault. Therefore, the long-lasting Boiling-Wells provide an excellent geochemical window into the evolution of the Maodong Fault. Our study documents that the contents and variations of specific hydrochemical and gaseous components of Boiling-Wells are well-suited geochemical tracers to identify and characterize the tectonic activity of the Maodong Fault. This method is also applicable for the monitoring of tectonic activities of major faults zones with comparable preconditions worldwide.

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“…A variety of geophysical and geochemical observations, ranging from ground-related deformation patterns (GPS, SAR, etc.) (Bürgmann et al, 2000;Zhao et al, 2020) to pre-earthquake changes (geochemical, electromagnetic, hydro-geological, geodetic, or thermodynamic) (Huang F. Q. et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021;Martinelli et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021), recorded by ground-based (Li et al, 2022) or satellite-based techniques (Li et al, 2020) may be related to stress variations in the lithosphere (Luo et al, 2023) prior to an eventual large earthquake (Zhao et al, 2022). Even though much effort has been invested, the earthquake "elephant in the room" is still in the process of being understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: From preparation to faulting: multidisciplinary investigations on earthquake processes

et al. 2023

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In seismically active areas (e.g., Han et al., 2022), the best way for disaster mitigation is to enhance the skills of risk evaluation and prediction (Shao et al., 2023). What happens before an earthquake occurs? Which are the physical processes that take place in the Earth's crust before the earthquake nucleates? How can we observe, describe, and model them statistically, numerically, and physically in multi-scales from laboratory samples to tectonic earth plates? Those questions are fundamental but have not been completely solved (Geller, 1997;Pritchard, et al., 2020).Over the last few decades multidisciplinary studies have attempted to answer these fundamental questions (e.g., King, 1978;Ma, 1987; Kanamori and Brodsky, 2001). In the early days, the Institute Physics of the Earth (IPE) model (dry) (Myachkin et al., 1975) and the Dilatance Diffusion (DD) model (wet) (Scholz et al., 1973) were proposed for earthquake processes. Like Schrödinger's cat, an earthquake is unpredictable-according to the IPE model, yet it can be predictable-according to the DD model (Ma, 1987). Recently, with advanced techniques, some scientists have discovered the meta-instable stage before failure to slip (Ma et al., 2012) and assuredly claimed that there are precursors to be used for earthquake forecasting (Ma, 2016), which envisages new opportunities to study earthquake precursors (Pritchard, et al., 2020).An understanding of the governing laws (e.g.,

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Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Long-Lasting Boiling-Wells: Geochemical Windows into the Tectonic Activity of the Maodong Fault (China)

Editorial: From preparation to faulting: multidisciplinary investigations on earthquake processes

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