Two Metalloproteases VdM35-1 and VdASPF2 from Verticillium dahliae Are Required for Fungal Pathogenicity, Stress Adaptation, and Activating Immune Response of Host

Lv, Junyuan; Zhou, Jinglong; Chang, BaiYang; Zhang, Yihao; Feng, Zili; Wei, Feng; Zhao, Lihong; Zhang, Yalin; Feng, Hongjie

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02477-22

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This means that all the roots in the figure have a cross-sectional diameter greater than or equal to 1 mm. It should be noted that the healthy root systems had more branching cross-sections than the diseased root systems, which could be ascribed to the fungus also colonizing the ducts and secreting toxins that damage the cells ( Bai et al., 2022 ; Lv et al., 2022 ; Ren et al., 2022 ; Sayari et al., 2022 ). Consequently, cell growth would be hindered, and the number of lateral roots reduces, which provides the possibility of classifying the MRI images of healthy and unhealthy root systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of cotton verticillium wilt based on root magnetic resonance images

Tang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Verticillium wilt (VW) is often referred to as the cancer of cotton and it has a detrimental effect on cotton yield and quality. Since the root system is the first to be infested, it is feasible to detect VW by root analysis in the early stages of the disease. In recent years, with the update of computing equipment and the emergence of large-scale high-quality data sets, deep learning has achieved remarkable results in computer vision tasks. However, in some specific areas, such as cotton root MRI image task processing, it will bring some challenges. For example, the data imbalance problem (there is a serious imbalance between the cotton root and the background in the segmentation task) makes it difficult for existing algorithms to segment the target. In this paper, we proposed two new methods to solve these problems. The effectiveness of the algorithms was verified by experimental results. The results showed that the new segmentation model improved the Dice and mIoU by 46% and 44% compared with the original model. And this model could segment MRI images of rapeseed root cross-sections well with good robustness and scalability. The new classification model improved the accuracy by 34.9% over the original model. The recall score and F1 score increased by 59% and 42%, respectively. The results of this paper indicate that MRI and deep learning have the potential for non-destructive early detection of VW diseases in cotton.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of cotton verticillium wilt based on root magnetic resonance images

Tang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Many studies have shown that some genes participate in regulating the development of V. dahliae and affect the pathogenicity of V. dahliae in plants (Lv et al, 2022; Zhang et al, 2022). To counter plant cell wall protection, pathogenic fungi should degrade host cell walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V. dahliae penetrates its host root and colonizes the plant xylem vessels. In recent years, many genes involved in pathogen penetration, stress response, and carbon source utilization have been characterized, including VdGAL4 (Wen et al, 2023), VdM35‐1 , and VdASPF2 (Lv et al, 2022). In our previous study, we found that GhOPR9 can positively modulate the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by regulating the JA pathway genes (Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glycoside hydrolase 28 member VdEPG1 is a virulence factor of Verticillium dahliae and interacts with the jasmonic acid pathway‐related gene GhOPR9

Liu

et al. 2023

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family members act as virulence factors and regulate plant immune responses during pathogen infection. Here, we characterized the GH28 family member endopolygalacturonase VdEPG1 in Verticillium dahliae. VdEPG1 acts as a virulence factor during V. dahliae infection. The expression level of VdEPG1 was greatly increased in V. dahliae inoculated on cotton roots. VdEPG1 suppressed VdNLP1‐mediated cell death by modulating pathogenesis‐related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Knocking out VdEPG1 led to a significant decrease in the pathogenicity of V. dahliae in cotton. The deletion strains were more susceptible to osmotic stress and the ability of V. dahliae to utilize carbon sources was deficient. In addition, the deletion strains lost the ability to penetrate cellophane membrane, with mycelia showing a disordered arrangement on the membrane, and spore development was affected. A jasmonic acid (JA) pathway‐related gene, GhOPR9, was identified as interacting with VdEPG1 in the yeast two‐hybrid system. The interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays in N. benthamiana leaves. GhOPR9 plays a positive role in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by regulating JA biosynthesis. These results indicate that VdEPG1 may be able to regulate host immune responses as a virulence factor through modulating the GhOPR9‐mediated JA biosynthesis.

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“…To determine abiotic stress, 1 mol/L KCl, 1 mol/L NaCl, 1 mol/L Sorbitol, 0.004% SDS and 0.02% CR were added to PDA medium ( Lv et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2023 ). The control group was grown on normal PDA medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of micronuclei in necrotic plant tissues can promote the survival of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, creating a significant challenge for disease management in agriculture ( Klimes et al, 2015 ). V. dahliae demonstrates notable variability and co-evolutionary abilities with its host, and its pathogenic mechanism is intricate ( Depotter et al, 2019 ; Lv et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). The specific interaction between the pathogen and the host remains incompletely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of VdSti1 in Verticillium dahliae: insights into pathogenicity and stress responses

Wu,

Zhou,

Wei

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Sti1/Hop, a stress-induced co-chaperone protein, serves as a crucial link between Hsp70 and Hsp90 during cellular stress responses. Despite its importance in stress defense mechanisms, the biological role of Sti1 in Verticillium dahliae, a destructive fungal pathogen, remains largely unexplored. This study focused on identifying and characterizing Sti1 homologues in V. dahliae by comparing them to those found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicated that the VdSti1-deficient mutant displayed increased sensitivity to drugs targeting the ergosterol synthesis pathway, leading to a notable inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Moreover, the mutant exhibited reduced production of microsclerotia and melanin, accompanied by decreased expression of microsclerotia and melanin-related genes VDH1, Vayg1, and VaflM. Additionally, the mutant’s conidia showed more severe damage under heat shock conditions and displayed growth defects under various stressors such as temperature, SDS, and CR stress, as well as increased sensitivity to H2O2, while osmotic stress did not impact its growth. Importantly, the VdSti1-deficient mutant demonstrated significantly diminished pathogenicity compared to the wild-type strain. This study sheds light on the functional conservation and divergence of Sti1 homologues in fungal biology and underscores the critical role of VdSti1 in microsclerotia development, stress response, and pathogenicity of V. dahliae.

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Two Metalloproteases VdM35-1 and VdASPF2 from Verticillium dahliae Are Required for Fungal Pathogenicity, Stress Adaptation, and Activating Immune Response of Host

Abstract: Verticillium wilt, caused by the notorious fungal pathogen V. dahliae , is one of the main limiting factors for agricultural production. Metalloproteases played an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of pathogens.

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Early detection of cotton verticillium wilt based on root magnetic resonance images

Early detection of cotton verticillium wilt based on root magnetic resonance images

The glycoside hydrolase 28 member VdEPG1 is a virulence factor of Verticillium dahliae and interacts with the jasmonic acid pathway‐related gene GhOPR9

The role of VdSti1 in Verticillium dahliae: insights into pathogenicity and stress responses

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