“…The second category which includes: Fletcher and Revees (FR) (Fletcher and Reeves, 1964), Dai and Yuan (DY) (Dai and Yuan, 1999), and Conjugate Descent (CD) (Fletcher, 1987) possess strong convergence properties but their numerical performance is affected by jamming phenomena (Liu and Li, 2014). These shortcomings prompted some modifications of the CG formulas (see: (Aminifard and Babaie-Kafaki, 2019; Ibrahim and Mustafa, 2020; Liu and Feng, 2019; Rivaie et al ., 2012; Zhang et al ., 2006; Zhongbo et al ., 2017)). Much efforts have been made in finding better modifications of the CG formulas which not only produce sufficient descent direction and efficient computational performance, but also satisfy some conjugacy conditions (Awwal et al ., 2023).…”