Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China

Abstract

Brown-rot fungi are types of fungi that selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose from wood and are perhaps the most important agents involved in the degradation of wood products and dead wood in forest ecosystem. Two new brown-rot species, collected from southern China, are nested within the clades of Fomitopsis sensu stricto and Oligoporus sensu stricto, respectively. Their positions are strongly supported in the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the concatenated the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nuSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) sequences. Fomitopsis bambusae, only found on bamboo, is characterised by its resupinate to effused-reflexed or pileate basidiocarps, small pores (6–9 per mm), the absence of cystidia, short cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 μm. Oligoporus podocarpi is characterised by white to pale cream pore surface, round or sometimes angular pores (5–6 per mm), broadly ellipsoid to reniform basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2–2.3 μm and growing on Podocarpus. Illustrated descriptions of these two novel species, Fomitopsis bambusae and Oligoporus podocarpi, are provided.

Species Diversity, Molecular Phylogeny, and Ecological Habits of Fomitopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)

“…Cui & Shun Liu formed separate lineages, respectively ( Figure 1 ). In addition, the current phylogenetic analyses also showed that Fomitopsis and other related brown-rot fungal genera clustered together within the antrodia clade, which are consistent with previous studies ( Ortiz-Santana et al, 2013 ; Han et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2019 , 2021a ; Zhou et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Cui, Hai J. Li & M.L. Han also distribute in Hainan Province of China, but F. bambusae differs by having bluish-gray to pale mouse-gray pore surface when fresh, becoming mouse-gray to dark gray when dry, smaller pores (6–9 per mm), smaller and cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 μm), and grows on bamboo ( Zhou et al, 2021 ); F. cana differs by having cream to straw colored pore surface when young which becoming mouse-gray to dark gray with age, a trimitic hyphal system, smaller and cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores (5–6.2 × 2.1–3 μm; Li et al, 2013 ).…”

“…In East Asia, F. abieticola is distributed in southwestern China and grows on Abies sp. ( Liu et al, 2021a ); F. bambusae is distributed in Hainan Province of China and grows on bamboo ( Zhou et al, 2021 ); F. cana is distributed in Hainan Province of China and grows on Delonix sp. or other angiosperm wood ( Li et al, 2013 ); F. ginkgonis is distributed in subtropical areas of Hubei Province of China and grows on Ginkgo sp.…”

“…Subsequently, phylogenetic analyses indicated that Fomitopsis is polyphyletic and the taxonomic position of Fomitopsis is still problematic ( Kim et al, 2005 , 2007 ; Justo and Hibbett, 2011 ; Ortiz-Santana et al, 2013 ). Recently, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Fomitopsis have been carried out and several new species have been described ( Li et al, 2013 ; Han et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Han and Cui, 2015 ; Soares et al, 2017 ; Haight et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2019 , 2021a ; Zhou et al, 2021 ). Han et al (2016) investigated phylogenetic relationships of Fomitopsis and its related genera and reported that species previously placed in Fomitopsis were divided into seven lineages: Fomitopsis s. s., Fragifomes B.K.…”

Phylogeny, Divergence Time Estimation and Biogeography of the Genus Onnia (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae)

“…The internal transcribed spacers (ITS), large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA), partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit one gene ( rpb1 ) and subunit two gene ( rpb2 ), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene ( tef1 α) were amplified with primer pairs ITS 4 (5′-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGATAT GC-3′) and ITS 5 (5′-GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G-3′; White et al, 1990 ), LR0R (5′-ACC CGC TGA ACT TAA GC-3′) and LR7 (5′-TAC TAC CAC CAA GAT CT-3′), RPB1-Af (5′-GAR TGY CCD GGD CAY TTY GG-3′) and RPB1-Cf (5′-CCN GCD ATN TCR TTR TCC ATR TA-3′; Matheny et al, 2002 ), fRPB2-5F (5′-GAY GAY MGW GAT CAY TTY GG-3′) and fRPB2-7cR (5′-CCC ATR GCT TGY TTR CCC AT-3′; Liu et al, 1999 ; Matheny, 2005 ), and EF1-1567R (5′-ACH GTR CCR ATA CCA CCS ATC TT-3′) and EF1-983F (5′-GCY CCY GGH CAY CGT CAY TTY AT-3′; Rehner and Buckley, 2005 ; Matheny et al, 2007 ), respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures were as follows: for ITS sequences, an initial denaturation at 95°C for 3 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94°C for 40 s, 54°C for 45 s, 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension of 72°C for 10 min ( Zhou et al, 2021a , b ); for LSU rDNA region, an initial denaturation at 94°C for 1 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 50°C for 1 min, 72°C for 1.5 min, and a final extension of 72°C for 10 min ( Shen et al, 2016 ); for rpb1 , rpb2 , and tef1 α regions, an initial denaturation at 94°C for 2 min, followed by 10 cycles at 94°C for 40 s, 60°C for 40 s, and 72°C for 2 min, then followed by 37 cycles at 94°C for 45 s, 55°C for 1.5 min, 72°C for 2 min, and a final extension at 72°C for 10 min ( Chen et al, 2015 ; Wang X. W. et al, 2021 ). Sequencing for PCR products was conducted by BGI Tech Solutions Beijing Liuhe Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.…”