Two new cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia following mitoxantrone treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis

Molecular analysis of t(15;17) genomic breakpoints in secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia arising after treatment of multiple sclerosis

“…included in the present series (UPNs 1, 4, 5, and 7) [5,17,20]. However, this is the first study to systematically analyze such cases at the genomic level.…”

“…10,11 In recent years, an increasing number of APL cases have been reported in MS patients treated with mitoxantrone. 3,5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, to date, no attempts have been made to systematically characterize translocation breakpoints in APL cases that developed in this setting.…”

Acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with autoimmune diseases

“…The first case report of t-AML (M3) in a multiple sclerosis patient was published in 1998. 80 Subsequently, a number of case reports and case series were published on t-AML in mitoxantrone treated patients, [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] as summarized in Table 4. Larger series of patients with multiple sclerosis treated Patients were exposed to a mean cumulative mitoxantrone dose of 60 mg/m 2 and were followed up for a mean of 36 months.…”

Immunosuppressive Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

“…41 Several additional case reports have been published. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Retrospectively, a relative risk of 0.21% was estimated. 48 Thus, it is strongly recommended that monitoring blood cell counts should be continued for at least five years after discontinuation of therapy.…”