Two new frameworks for reactive power market considering reactive losses

Abstract

Summary In this paper, 2 new reactive power market structures are presented. Active power flow by itself causes active and reactive losses. Considering such losses in the reactive power market without paying any costs is the main purpose of this paper. Therefore, this study attempts to improve the reactive power market and promote fair competition in reactive power generation by improving the market structure. The total payment by independent system operator will be reduced in these new structures. By extension, in this work, the cost payment function of synchronous generators is modified. To simulate and describe the proposed method in the implementation of the reactive power market, the Cigre 32‐bus test system is applied.

Optimal operation of distribution networks with high penetration of wind and solar power within a joint active and reactive distribution market environment

“…In general, the reactive power markets can be cleared separately or simultaneously from active power markets. In reactive power markets, the market structure, payment mechanism and pricing model are main factors for determining the appropriate components of reactive power market [19]. Recently, most published papers have discussed the impact of reactive ancillary services in transmission systems; for example, in [20], a quadratic reactive power cost model for transmission system has been proposed to optimize reactive power procurement.…”

Financial analysis of reactive power procurement in pool-based deregulated power market integrated with DFIG-based wind farms

“…These boundaries are restricted by following three factors: over‐excitation limit or field current limit armature current limit under‐excitation limit A typical P‐Q diagram is shown in Figure . In this, AB, BB′, and B'A′ represent field current limit, armature current limit, and under‐excitation limit, respectively . This curve is hereby used to define reactive power cost characteristics of a generator.…”

“…In this, AB, BB′, and B'A′ represent field current limit, armature current limit, and under-excitation limit, respectively. 5 This curve is hereby used to define reactive power cost characteristics of a generator.…”

“…A detailed and useful review on reactive power management in electricity market that included discussion on various issues on reactive power management and techniques to overcome these has been done by S.K. Parida et al Two new reactive power market structures have been presented by A. Ahmadimanesh et al, in which reactive power market has been improved by not paying any costs for reactive power losses . An operational planning tool has been proposed that minimizes the operating cost while ensuring adequate VAR reserves to maintain system security .…”

“…Parida et al 4 Two new reactive power market structures have been presented by A. Ahmadimanesh et al, in which reactive power market has been improved by not paying any costs for reactive power losses. 5 An operational planning tool has been proposed that minimizes the operating cost while ensuring adequate VAR reserves to maintain system security. 6 Fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for compensation of reactive power and stability analysis in a microgrid has been presented by using SVC-based controller.…”