Two new species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in high-elevation habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Abstract

Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are key components of soil microbes. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by unique and important forest types because of the considerable range in elevation which exists. During the period of 2012, 2013 and 2016, 12 species of dictyostelids were yielded from samples collected in this region, including two new species and three new records for China. Six other species were new records for this region. Ontogeny, morphology, ultrastructure and systematic molecular analyses (SSU & ITS) of D. minimum and D. multiforme confirm that they are Goup 4 new species. The ornamentation of the surface of dictyostelids’ spores is the first time to be observed until now. In the SSU phylogenetic tree generated in the present study, Synstelium, not assigned to order and family before, was assigned to the clade Acytosteliaceae in the Acytosteliales firstly. To our knowledge, the study reported herein is the first investigation of dictyostelid biodiversity carried out at elevations above 2000 m. Sorocarp size, sorus size, spore length, ratio of sorus and sorophore, and ratio of sorus and spore size were positively correlated with increasing elevation and no linear correlated with forest type, according to the results of linear regression analysis.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: Current Treatments, Limitations, and Prospects for Improvement

“…Contradictory results were reported when development of antibodies to IDUA were examined. In some cases post-transplant ERT was associated with the development of IDUA antibodies, which were inhibitory and were accompanied with an increase in heparan sulfate excretion [ 67 , 69 ] and poorer endurance as established by the 6-min-walk-test [ 67 ]. However, in the absence of inhibitory antibodies, ERT post-HSCT had a beneficial effect on the 6-min walk test [ 67 ].…”

Diversity of Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds, Including Two Species New to Science, in Forest Soils of Changbai Mountain, China

“…Tang et al ( 24 ) indicated that elevation, rather than vegetation, is the primary predictor of rhizosphere microbial community structure in areas of alpine tundra on Changbai Mountain. Liu et al ( 25 ) reported that at higher elevations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, dictyostelids appear to be relatively common. As such, in the present study soil samples were collected over a wide range of elevations (675 to 2,636 m) to obtain new isolates of dictyostelids and to determine their patterns of diversity at high elevations on Changbai Mountain.…”

Comparison of islet isolation result and clinical applicability according to GMP‐grade collagenase enzyme blend in adult porcine islet isolation and culture

“…Islet viability was measured in duplicate using acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) staining on day 1 of culture following established protocols. 27 Islet viability was significantly different between Collagenase P (82.7 ± 1.3%), Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade (89.3 ± 1.21%), but we observed no significant difference in Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade with Liberase MTF C/T GMP grade islet isolations (85.3 ± 3.42%) (Table 2 )( P > .05).…”

“…The islets were counted using an islet number and islet equivalent number (IEQ) after staining with DTZ (Sigma‐Aldrich). 27 Islet sizes were determined by calculating the average size of islets. Islet viability after 24‐hour culture was measured using double‐florescence staining with acridine orange (Sigma)/propidium iodide (Sigma) for 30 minutes: islet viability: 100% ‐ (dead islet cells/total islet cells × 100%).…”