Two new species of the genus <i>Paramitraceras</i> Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Stygnopsidae) from Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract

Paramitraceras pickardcambridgei sp. nov. and Paramitraceras tzotzil sp. nov. from Chiapas, Mexico are described based on specimens previously determined as Paramitraceras granulatum Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 by Goodnight and Goodnight. The male genitalia of the new species and P. granulatum are illustrated with scanning electronic micrographs (SEMs) or drawings derived from them. The importance of the ocular tubercle, cheliceral dentition and sexual dimorphism, pedipalpal armature and male genitalia as taxonomic characters within the genus is discussed as well as differences and similarities between Paramitraceras Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 and its most similar genus, Sbordonia Šilhavý, 1977.

The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)

“…A few authors (e.g. Kury, ; Pinto‐da‐Rocha, ; DaSilva & Gnaspini, 2010; Cruz‐López & Francke, 2012; , b; Zhang & Zhang, ; Zhang, Kury & Zhang, ) forwarded names for setae or groups of setae of the ventral plate in Laniatores, but these were based on purely circumstantial evidence, bound to small circumscriptions, not used for homology comparisons, and limited to ‘dorsal–ventral–distal–apical–basal–intermediate’ and the like (see Table for a synopsis).…”

“…A few authors (e.g. Kury, 1989;Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997;DaSilva & Gnaspini, 2010;Cruz-López & Francke, 2012;2013a, b;Zhang & Zhang, 2012;Zhang, Kury & Zhang, 2013) forwarded names for setae or groups of setae of the ventral plate in Laniatores, but these were based on purely circumstantial evidence, bound to small circumscriptions, not used for homology comparisons, and limited to 'dorsal-ventraldistal-apical-basal-intermediate' and the like (see Table 1 for a synopsis). Crúz-López & Francke (2013b) recognized what they called a 'Paramitraceras pattern' with five characters, three of which relate to the distribution of setae on VP, which they call 'pars distalis' following Pérez-G. (2006, in the text, but this reference is missing in their list), although Pérez-G. usage is different.…”

Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genusKaros Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae)

“…Morphological terminologies of somatic characters and of male genitalia follow Cruz‐López & Francke (2013a, b), Gnaspini & Rodrigues (), Mendes & Kury (), and Kury (); and for the genital pattern of setae arrangement we used a modification of the terminology of DaSilva & Pinto‐da‐Rocha (). The scutum length/cheliceral hand length morphometric ratio was calculated according to Cruz‐López & Francke (). Ornamentation terminology of the dorsum and armature of pedipalps and legs is according to DaSilva & Gnaspini ().…”

“…This character was used by Goodnight & Goodnight () to diagnose and recognize the genus Karos . Cruz‐López & Francke (: fig. 12, : figs 34: p. 36) showed these areas for Paramitraceras and Philora .…”

“…Regarding to Stygnopsidae Sørensen, 1932, there have been few taxonomic works emphasizing the importance of the male genitalia in the recognition of genera and species. There are only a few taxonomic works emphasizing the importance of the male genitalia in the recognition of genera and species of this family (Kury, , ; Cokendolpher, ; Cruz‐López & Francke, 2012, 2013a, b).…”