Two novel mastreviruses from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Australia

Abstract

Two novel mastreviruses (genus Mastrevirus; family Geminiviridae), with proposed names chickpea chlorosis virus (CpCV) and chickpea redleaf virus, are described from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) from eastern Australia. The viruses have genomes of 2,582 and 2,605 nucleotides, respectively, and share similar features and organisation with typical dicot-infecting mastreviruses. Two distinct strains of CpCV were suggested by phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, a partial mastrevirus Rep sequence from turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum) indicated the presence of a distinct strain of Tobacco yellow dwarf virus (TYDV). In phylogenetic analyses, isolates of Bean yellow dwarf virus, Chickpea chlorotic dwarf Pakistan virus and Chickpea chlorotic dwarf Sudan virus from southern and northern Africa and south-central and western Asia clustered separately from these three viruses from Australia. An Australian, eastern Asian, or south-eastern Asian origin for the novel mastreviruses and TYDV is discussed.

Analysis of the sequence of a dicot-infecting mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) originating from Syria

“…Although a number of different viruses cause disease in these crops, in some areas at least, mastreviruses are believed to be the main biotic constraint to chickpea production [31]. Despite their importance, only recently has the characterisation of these viruses been undertaken, with the identification of two potentially new mastrevirus species in Sudan and Pakistan ( [9]; B. Gronenborn, unpublished) and three potentially new species identified in Australia [14]. In view of the vast geographical range where CSD is reported, it would seem likely that further mastrevirus diversity is probably present.…”

“…Prior to this BeYDV had only been identified affecting beans in South Africa [10,11]. In Australia, the country where the first dicot-infecting mastrevirus (TbYDV) was identified [12], a CSD-like disease of chickpea has recently been shown to be caused by three distinct viruses, referred to as Chickpea chlorosis virus-A (CpCV-A), Chickpea chlorosis virus-B (CpCV-B) and Chickpea red leaf virus (CpRLV) [13,14].…”

First genome analysis and molecular characterization of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus Egyptian isolate infecting squash

“…Despite the huge effect of CSD and their wide distribution, very few species has been identified like in Sudan and Pakistan [24], and another three identified in possibly new species Australia [41]. Also the CpCDV from Syria has been directly identified after these new species [33].…”

Transmission Specificity and Coinfection of Mastrevirus with Begomovirus

“…However, O. orientalis Matsumura has also been reported to transmit CpCDV to plant species of different families (like Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Chenopodiaceae) and induced CpCDV like symptoms (Horn et al, 1996;Kumari et al, 2004;Farzadfar et al, 2008;Akhtar et al, 2011). Nonetheless, Horn et al (1993) reported first time the identification of CpCDV along with many reports from other countries like, Australia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Far East, Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent (Horn et al, 1993;Makkouk et al, 1995Makkouk et al, , 1998El-Muadhidi et al, 2001;Farzadfar et al, 2002;Makkouk et al, 2003a,b;Kumari et al, 2004;Nahid et al, 2008;Thomas et al, 2010;Muhire et al, 2013;Akhtar et al, 2014).…”

“…Albeit Bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) (Liu et al, 1997a) (infect dicotyledonous plants) presence has been recorded in both Pakistan and South Africa (Halley-Scott et al, 2007). However, Thomas et al (2010) reported Chickpea chlorosis virus (CpCV-A, CpCV-B) and Chickpea redleaf virus (CpRLV) from Australia. Previously, CpCDV has been noted down to attack the legumes but with lapse of time, they expand their host range and infected other dicot families as well, like pepper (in India and Oman) and tomato (Byun et al, 2014;Akhtar et al, 2014;Zia et al, 2015).…”