Two-phase commit optimizations in a commercial distributed environment

Abstract

An atomic commit protocol can ensure that all participants in a distributed transaction reach consistent states, whether or not system or network failures occur. The atomic commit protocol used in industry and academia is the well-known two-phase commit (2PC) protocol, which has been the subject of considerable work and technical literature for some years.Much of the literature focuses on improving performance in failure cases by providing a non-blocking 2PC that streamlines recovery processing at the expense of extra processing in the normal case. We focus on improving performance in the normal case based on two assumptions: first, that networks and systems are becoming increasingly reliable, and second, that the need to support high-volume transactions requires a streamlined protocol for the normal case.In this paper, various optimlzations are presented and analyzed in terms of reliability, savings in log writes and network traffic, and reduction in resource lock time. The paper's unique contributions include the description of some optimizations not described elsewhere in the literature and a systematic comparison of the optimizations and the environments where they cause the most benefit. Furthermore, it analyzes the feasibility and performance of several optimization combinations, identifying situations where they are effective.

CloudTPS: Scalable Transactions for Web Applications in the Cloud

“…A number of distributed commit protocols [33,43,46,21] and concurrency control mechanisms [7,8,9] have been proposed to maintain the ACID properties of distributed transactions. However, as distributed databases use the same relational data model as RDBMS, they also cannot partition the data automatically and thus lack scalability.…”

“…On the other hand, we can apply these techniques as building blocks in designing CloudTPS. We rely on 2-Phase Commit (2PC) [33,43] as the distributed commit protocol for ensuring Atomicity, and on timestamp-ordering [7] for concurrency control.…”

Blocking reduction for distributed transaction processing within MANETs

“…Another approach that relies on compensation of transactions is [35], which proposes 2PC optimizations, e.g. heuristics for committing transactions when messages are lost.…”

Service-oriented grid computing system for digital rights management (GC-DRM)

“…In this services, it use a mechanism known as two-phase commit (Samaras, 1995) to ensure job delivery in order to avoid the exception. If exception happens, JTS will rollback with pervious situation to continue the job execution.…”