Two‐Phase Electrocoagulation of Perfumes and the Analytical Approach for Investigation of the Odor‐Active Compound Changes

Abstract

In this study, a 2-phase electrocoagulation (EC) system has been applied to treat odor active compounds in perfume extracts. The system employed an electrochemical cell using two aluminium electrodes and 2-phase electrolyte containing hexane, NaCl (aq) and the perfume compounds. This approach allowed electrochemical reaction of the compounds with the subsequent changes of their profiles in the extracts. The volatile compounds in the samples before and after 2-phase EC sampled at different parts of the system were tentatively identified by using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed different types and amounts of the odor active compounds in the samples after the 2-phase EC treatment with the enhanced fruity, floral, sweet, green, minty, herbal and citrus smells. The electrochemical oxidation/reduction and esterification/hydrolysis were proposed as the possible reactions. The developed 2-phase EC technique has a potential for application in the area of cost-effective adjustment of essential oil and perfume quality.

Identification of the Chemical Components Derived from the Two‐Phase Electrocoagulation of Diesel Fuel

“…For instance, the currents at 10 V for 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min, are 0.074 A, 0.002 A and 0.000 A, respectively (corresponding to the current densities of 0.04, 0.001 and 0.000 A cm −2 ). This could correspond to the reduced amount of the conductive species (reduced total number of ions) in the electrolyte system, e. g., via H 2(g) evolution or OH − (aq) complexation into the sludge most likely in the aqueous phase similar to the process proposed in [22,23] as well as the electrode passivation.…”

“…Some reactions could occur during the EC process such as Al (s) →Al 3+ (aq) +3e − at the anode, 3H 2 O (l) +3e − →3/2H 2(g) +3OH − (aq) at the cathode, or Al 3+ (aq) +3H 2 O (l) →Al(OH) 3(s) +3H + (aq) [21] . Recently, two‐phase electrocoagulation has been developed and applied to adjust perfume smells by using aluminium electrode [22,23] . This method is cost effective, simple, and applicable with a nonconductive sample such as essential oils and fuels.…”

“…[21] Recently, two-phase electrocoagulation has been developed and applied to adjust perfume smells by using aluminium electrode. [22,23] This method is cost effective, simple, and applicable with a nonconductive sample such as essential oils and fuels. Application of two-phase EC approach for studying of a fuel sample has not been reported to the best of our knowledge.…”

Identification of Volatile Markers in Sweat for COVID‐19 Screening by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

“…HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS has been widely used for VOCs identification together with data alignment and statistical analysis which can be used to categorize the identified compounds into several groups and to propose some potential volatile compound markers such as aldehydes and ketones [8,9] as well as nonanal [20] . This technique simplifies sample extraction and enrichment onto a modified microfiber, allowing for trace analysis without solvent consumption [21] . In this study, HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS was applied for the determination of volatile metabolites in sweat samples of COVID‐19 positive and negative volunteers from two hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand.…”

Development of a new paper-based voltage step electrocoagulation technique and application to wine classification

“…Electrocoagulation (EC) has been applied as an effective wastewater treatment approach as well as for electrochemical synthesis of a range of compounds. 18,19 This technique was recently used for red wine color bleaching and removal of the pigments prior to the selective analysis of non-and monohydroxylated phenolic acids with HPLC. 20 According to the observations above, we herein developed a novel paper-base voltage step EC (VSEC) system for differentiation of red wine samples observable by either the naked eye or image processing.…”