Two-phase flow patterns of nitrogen and nanofluids in a vertically capillary tube

Interfacial tension and contact angle in CO2‐water/nanofluid‐quartz system

“…Nanoparticles introduced to water reduce the IFT between water and air under atmospheric pressure conditions, as summarized in Table 1: 25,[29][30][31][32][33] the IFT decreases as the weight concentration of nanoparticles in water increases. (Note that the IFT values may increase or stay constant depending on the experimental condition.)…”

Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids

“…ñî ' ' ü 0 " ' ü ü ö ! ()õ " ü ò [2,3,5,6,8,9,11,13]  単相流の摩擦圧力損失 [9]  単相熱伝達率 [6,[11][12][13]  静止液中における気泡挙動 [14]  細管内における気液二相流の流動様式 [15]  物質移動・溶解 [9,16]  沸騰熱伝達及び限界熱流束（プール沸騰、流 動沸騰、衝突噴流、スプレー等）[3-6,9-13]  クエンチング特性 [17]  化学反応速度 [18,19]  ナノ流体の工業的応用（エンジン・電子機器 冷却、軍事、宇宙、原子力、生体等） [6,7] 0123456789abc d e f f a 9! "#$%&'(a ) 12ä42f óôõ05ïÝ]*+$ù RST%&26\b*+7Öî ×H2887897Öî*+9:7 8C&,;<=>2 8 9 a c?…”