Two-Phase Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation of Reinforced Soil Walls Based on a Modified Pastor-Zienkiewicz-Chan Model for Granular Soil

Reinforced Soil Wall Analysis under Working Stress Conditions Using a Two Phase Model with the Introduction of a New Design Parameter

“…A brief description of the two phase model developed by Farzaneh and Iraji [18] is presented here. The nonlinear elasto-plastic constitutive model (Pastor-Zienkiewicz-Chan model, PZC) introduced by Pastor et al [20] has been used to simulate the matrix (soil) behavior.…”

“…r  and m  are the strain tensors of the reinforcement and matrix phases, respectively. Each phase has its own constitutive law as presented in detail by Farzaneh and Iraji [18]. The perfect bonding hypothesis was considered between the matrix and reinforcement phases as follows:…”

“…The reinforcement volume ratio, χ, was used to calculate macroscopic parameters ( r E , r  and r u  ) of the reinforcement phase. The reinforcement volume ratio χ is defined as the ratio of the inclusion volume (V inc ) to the soil volume (V s ) in one periodic layer [18,19]: x  , which is perpendicular to the inclusion sheet plane, is not considered. The mechanical parameters of the soil must not decrease because the inclusion properties already have been scaled to the soil volume (Equations (11) and 12).…”

“…The mechanical parameters of the soil must not decrease because the inclusion properties already have been scaled to the soil volume (Equations (11) and 12). Figure 1 is a flowchart for calculating the global stress rate tensor of a reinforced medium in the twophase scheme [18]. Two coordinate systems, global (1, 2, 3) space and the local (x, y, z) coordinate system, are defined in the two phase model.…”

“…The two phase model proposed by Farzaneh and Iraji [18] and Iraji and Farzaneh [19] has been evaluated in the present paper to assess its capability in predicting the behavior of a full-scale reinforced soil wall under working stress conditions. A new design parameter has been introduced for evaluating lateral displacements of reinforced soil walls.…”