Two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled fully fusion-spliced fiber laser at 1840  nm

Hage, Charles-Henri; Gomes, Jean-Thomas; Bardet, Sylvia M.; Granger, Geoffroy; Jossent, Mathieu; Lavoute, Laure; Gaponov, Dmitry; Fevrier, Sébastien

doi:10.1364/ol.43.005098

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Further optimizing the crystal length will remove the side peaks and achieve a wider spectrum. 11 The frequency-doubled spectrum using a 1-mm-long PPLN crystal is shown in Fig. S2 in the Supplemental Material.…”

Section: Principle Of Wavelength Selection and Laser Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wavelengths used for two-photon excitation of fluorophores tend to be in the infrared spectrum between 800 and 1000 nm, among which ∼930 nm is one of the most popular wavelengths used for imaging green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its mutants 9 – 12 In recent years, the realizations of ∼930 nm fiber lasers can be classified into two groups. The first group directly mode-locks lasers at the ∼930-nm region using neodymium (Nd) doped fiber 9 , 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the power amplification of the ∼930-nm laser is also complex and relatively difficult based on the above methods, as the four-level transition also needs to be suppressed in the amplifiers to avoid the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at ∼1080 nm. The other popular technique is to utilize nonlinear frequency conversion, such as shifting a 1-μm laser to the 930-nm region 19 , 20 or Raman shifting a 1.5-μm laser to the 1.8-μm region, 11 , 12 , 21 – 24 followed by frequency doubling. Photonic crystal rods/fibers (PCF) 19 – 21 or large-mode-area fibers 11 , 23 , 24 are generally employed to provide required nonlinearities, which usually hinder an all-fiber configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other popular technique is to utilize nonlinear frequency conversion, such as shifting a 1-μm laser to the 930-nm region 19 , 20 or Raman shifting a 1.5-μm laser to the 1.8-μm region, 11 , 12 , 21 – 24 followed by frequency doubling. Photonic crystal rods/fibers (PCF) 19 – 21 or large-mode-area fibers 11 , 23 , 24 are generally employed to provide required nonlinearities, which usually hinder an all-fiber configuration. Besides, an energetic 1.5-μm source is necessary to excite the nonlinearities, and the desired wavelength usually occupies a small part of the output spectrum 19 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep-tissue two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled all-fiber mode-locked laser at 937 nm

Tang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Adv. Photon. Nexus

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In two-photon microscopy, low illumination powers on samples and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the excitation laser are highly desired for alleviating the problems of photobleaching and phototoxicity, as well as providing clean backgrounds for images. However, the high-repetition-rate Ti: sapphire laser and the low-SNR Raman-shift lasers fall short of meeting these demands, especially when used for deep penetrations. Here, we demonstrate a 937-nm laser frequency-doubled from an all-fiber mode-locked laser at 1.8 μm with a low repetition rate of ∼9 MHz and a high SNR of 74 dB. We showcase two-photon excitations with low illumination powers on multiple types of biological tissues, including fluorescence imaging of mouse brain neurons labeled with green and yellow fluorescence proteins (GFP and YFP), DiI-stained and GFP-labeled blood vessels, Alexa Fluor 488/568-stained mouse kidney, and second-harmonic-generation imaging of the mouse skull, leg, and tail. We achieve a penetration depth in mouse brain tissues up to 620 μm with an illumination power as low as ∼10 mW, and, even for the DiI dye with an extremely low excitation efficiency of 3.3%, the penetration depth is still up to 530 μm, indicating that the low-repetition-rate source works efficiently for a wide range of dyes with a fixed excitation wavelength. The low-repetition-rate and high-SNR excitation source holds great potential for biological investigations, such as in vivo deep-tissue imaging.

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Section: Principle Of Wavelength Selection and Laser Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Deep-tissue two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled all-fiber mode-locked laser at 937 nm

Tang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Adv. Photon. Nexus

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show abstract

“…Recently, few techniques were utilized to generate ultrashort pulses below 1 μm: femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser amplification with optical parametric oscillator [16], [17], nonlinear frequency shift in a high-nonlinearity fiber [18], [19], frequency doubling of the 1.8-1.9 μm ultrafast laser emission [20], fiber-optic Cherenkov radiation technique inside a short piece of photonic crystal fiber [21] and direct generation using the neodymium-doped fiber (Nd-fiber) quasi-three-level F3/2 -4 I9/2 transition [22]- [31]. The last one is preferred due to its robustness and simplicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nd-Doped Polarization Maintaining All-Fiber Laser With Dissipative Soliton Resonance Mode-Locking at 905 nm

Mkrtchyan

Gladush

Melkumov

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Moving the fiber laser emission to the region below one micron may provide a cheaper, more compact and robust alternatives to the existing solid state lasers. Here, for the first time we report a neodymium mode-locked fiber laser emitting at 905 nm in the all-fiber polarization maintaining configuration. We obtain a self-starting pulse generation in nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) cavity configuration. To suppress a dominant emission at 1064 nm corresponding to a 4-level laser scheme, we use an active fiber -920/1064 division multiplexeractive fiber sandwich-like sequence in the NALM loop. A rectangular shape dissipative soliton had nJ energy, 30 pm spectral width and 80 ÷ 430 ps width linearly depending on the pump power. Excellent agreement with numerical simulation allowed us to recover pulse shape and width for the pulses out of autocorrelation window.

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Ultrafast Polarization‐Maintaining Fiber Lasers: Design, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications

Liu,

Ye,

Luo

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Ultrafast polarization‐maintaining fiber lasers (UPMFLs), with superior optical performance and high immunity to environmental disturbances, are highly preferable in a variety of industrial and scientific applications such as high‐precision micromachining and biomedical imaging. Especially, the utilization of PM fibers endows the laser intrinsic stability, thereby enabling the construction of robust and low‐noise optical frequency comb systems. To meet more demanding application challenges, continuous efforts have been invested in the design and fabrication of UPMFLs, aiming to reach unprecedented levels of various pulse parameters, that is, to achieve shorter pulse duration, higher or lower repetition rate, and higher pulse energy. This review presents a detailed overview of different passive mode‐locking techniques for pulsed operation and the most significant achievements in UPMFLs. Representative advances at 1.0, 1.55, and 2.0 µm spectral regions are presented and summarized. The state‐of‐the‐art lasing performance is application‐oriented, and conversely, optical improvements in all‐PM pulsed lasers promote emerging applications, which are also discussed and analyzed. How to overcome the bottlenecks of UPMFLs in terms of pulse duration, repetition rate, emission wavelength, and pulse energy to make them powerful tools for physical, medical, and biological applications remains challenging in the future.

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Two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled fully fusion-spliced fiber laser at 1840 nm

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Deep-tissue two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled all-fiber mode-locked laser at 937 nm

Deep-tissue two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled all-fiber mode-locked laser at 937 nm

Nd-Doped Polarization Maintaining All-Fiber Laser With Dissipative Soliton Resonance Mode-Locking at 905 nm

Ultrafast Polarization‐Maintaining Fiber Lasers: Design, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications

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