Two quorum sensing systems control biofilm formation and virulence in members of the<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>complex

Suppiger, Angela; Schmid, Nadine; Aguilar, Claudio; Pessi, Gabriella; Eberl, Leo

doi:10.4161/viru.25338

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In many bacteria, AI circuits function as life-style switches in which master regulators govern the expression of up to several hundred genes rather than individual phenotypes (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72). Here, efficiency refers to the whole regulon rather than an individual gene or operon; i.e., not every single, regulated gene may be directly connected with changes in the environment.…”

Section: Ais As Proxies For Environmental Changes Beyond Effector Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Principles of Bacterial Autoinducer Systems

Hense

Schuster

2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

163

156

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SUMMARY Autoinduction (AI), the response to self-produced chemical signals, is widespread in the bacterial world. This process controls vastly different target functions, such as luminescence, nutrient acquisition, and biofilm formation, in different ways and integrates additional environmental and physiological cues. This diversity raises questions about unifying principles that underlie all AI systems. Here, we suggest that such core principles exist. We argue that the general purpose of AI systems is the homeostatic control of costly cooperative behaviors, including, but not limited to, secreted public goods. First, costly behaviors require preassessment of their efficiency by cheaper AI signals, which we encapsulate in a hybrid “push-pull” model. The “push” factors cell density, diffusion, and spatial clustering determine when a behavior becomes effective. The relative importance of each factor depends on each species' individual ecological context and life history. In turn, “pull” factors, often stress cues that reduce the activation threshold, determine the cellular demand for the target behavior. Second, control is homeostatic because AI systems, either themselves or through accessory mechanisms, not only initiate but also maintain the efficiency of target behaviors. Third, AI-controlled behaviors, even seemingly noncooperative ones, are generally cooperative in nature, when interpreted in the appropriate ecological context. The escape of individual cells from biofilms, for example, may be viewed as an altruistic behavior that increases the fitness of the resident population by reducing starvation stress. The framework proposed here helps appropriately categorize AI-controlled behaviors and allows for a deeper understanding of their ecological and evolutionary functions.

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Section: Ais As Proxies For Environmental Changes Beyond Effector Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Principles of Bacterial Autoinducer Systems

Hense

Schuster

2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

163

156

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“…13,14 The expression of BC2L-A is positively regulated through activation of Burkholderia CepR, a protein homologous to LuxR which is a member of the acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing system. 15,16 Later, the Burkholderia lectin cluster bclACB was shown to be mainly regulated by the Burkholderia diffusable signal factor (BDSF) system with cis-2-dodecenoic acid as signal molecule and that maximal expression of the lectins is dependent on both signaling systems. 17 Surprisingly, deletion of the bclACB gene cluster in the CF isolate B. cenocepacia H111 had no effect on biofilm formation in a static microtitre plate biofilm assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a competitive binding assay for the Burkholderia cenocepacia lectin BC2L-A and structure activity relationship of natural and synthetic inhibitors

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore, chain length and methyl-branching modulate the activity of the different DSFs but they do it in a species-specific way. DSFs have a multitude of effects within the cell and they interfere with other quorum-sensing systems of the cell [54,55]. In Burkholderia cenocepacia, cis-2-dodecenoic acid 14 increases motility and biofilm formation, but also virulence [56].…”

Section: Interspecies Communications Seems To Be the Prime Target Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

cis-2-Alkenoic Acids as Promising Drugs for the Control of Biofilm Infections

Yuyama¹,

Abraham

2016

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Microbes attached to surfaces and form biofilms where they are difficult to eradicate. Here they are embedded in a complex matrix of polymers and are much less sensitive against antibiotics or the immune system. This is a growing problem, especially for implants; hence, novel approaches are urgently needed to control biofilm infections. Many of these approaches interfere with the communication between the microbial cells required for biofilm formation and maintenance, a process known as quorum sensing. But microbes have also several mechanisms to disperse their own biofilms if conditions become unfavourable. Recently, it has been found that the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa disperses its mature biofilms using cis-2-decenoic acid. This fatty acid belongs to a group of cis-2-alkenoic acids which are known from several bacteria and are also triggering the communication between different species. In this review the biosynthesis of these compounds, their signal transduction and their role in species-species communication are presented. Examples are discussed where cis-2-alkenoic acids have been used to eradicate biofilms and enhance the sensitivity of pathogens against antibiotics, either alone or in combination with antibiotics. Although this presents an interesting approach for the control of biofilm infections it is still in its infancy and a much broader characterization of the effects of cis-2-alkenoic acids are needed before moving to any medical application.Keywords: biofilm, quorum-sensing, diffusible signal factor (DSF), quorum-quenching, host-pathogen interaction, cis-2-alkenoic acids, antibiotics 1 Pathogens organized in biofilms are difficult to eradicateMicroorganisms can attach to surfaces where they form biofilms, microbial aggregates embedded in a complex and structured matrix of polymers [1]. In human infections they are found on many implants but also on teeth [2] or the mucosa, e. g. in the cystic fibrosis lung [3], the skin [4] or the middle ear [5]. These aggregates are structurally complex, dynamic systems with a multitude of interactions between the community members and the host [6]. Biofilm formation is a key factor for the survival of microbes but biofilms have also the ability to disperse under unfavourable conditions to colonize new niches [7]. Biofilm infections cause many deaths and high health costs worldwide, e. g. in the U. S. alone 32% of all healthcare-associated infections are urinary tract infections, 22% are surgical site infections and 14% are blood stream infections causing costs between $5000 and $34,000 per infection and summing up to more than $5 billion in added medical costs per annum [8].The main problem comes not so much from the human pathogens causing the infections but from their organization in biofilms. Biofilm are formed for the protection of the cells against hostile environmental conditions. As a consequence, biofilm infections are difficult to eradicate because of much better protection against antibiotics compared to free living cells [9]. It has been...

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Two quorum sensing systems control biofilm formation and virulence in members of theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex

Cited by 71 publications

References 111 publications

Core Principles of Bacterial Autoinducer Systems

Core Principles of Bacterial Autoinducer Systems

Development of a competitive binding assay for the Burkholderia cenocepacia lectin BC2L-A and structure activity relationship of natural and synthetic inhibitors

cis-2-Alkenoic Acids as Promising Drugs for the Control of Biofilm Infections

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