Two Regimes of Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Equine Castration: Clinical Findings, Acute-Phase Proteins, and Bacterial Cultures

Haucke, Konstantin; Kühn, Mathias; Lübke‐Becker, Antina; Mählmann, Kathrin; Lischer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2017.07.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a clinical study, administration of penicillin over a three-day period after standing castration led to significantly lower activity of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) compared to horses without receiving penicillin (Busk et al 2010). In the same way, animals treated with single intravenous dose of sodium penicillin G had a higher acute phase reaction than animals treated with intramuscular procaine penicillin daily for three days (Haucke et al 2017). It has been suggested that concentrations of acute-phase proteins can be used to identify individuals with bacterial infection, since bacteria seem to elicit a very strong acute-phase protein response (Busk et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

et al. 2021

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Excessive infection and inflammation are the most common complications associated with castration. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FM), meloxicam (MX), or firocoxib (FX) for inflammation control after castration in horses using acute-phase proteins (APP) as markers of inflammation. Thirty healthy, unbroken, mixed-breed horses (body weight 358.62±45.57kg and age 4.99±2.63 years) were randomly (n=10 animals/group) allocated to receive one of three different post-castration anti-inflammatory medicines: Group 1 (FM 1.1mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days); Group 2 (MX 0.6mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days); and Group 3 (FX 0.1mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days). All horses were castrated in standing position, using the open technique. Serum and peritoneal APP concentrations were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and determined before castration (0), and 3, 5, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours after castration. The results were submitted to analysis of variance using the SAS statistical program, and means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). Three animals from the MX group developed hyperthermia (with rectal temperatures of 39.8, 39.3 and 38.9°C on day 4, 5 and 6, respectively) and showed local clinical signs of inflammation (inguinal and excessive scrotal edema) and reluctance to walk, as well as a rigid gait of the hind limbs. The same complications were observed in one FX horse. No complications were observed among the FM animals. The castration resulted in significant changes in serum and peritoneal values of total proteins, ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp) and α1-acid glycoprotein (Gp) in animals of all experimental groups. However, the animals of the MX and FX groups presented more intense acute phase response compared to the animals of the FM group. Changes in the APP were associated with the surgical trauma of castration, but the differences between groups were associated with the ability of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to control the inflammation. In conclusion, and based on the findings of acute phase proteins, flunixin is more efficient to control the magnitude of inflammation following castration as compared to meloxicam and firocoxib.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, a second study found mean SAA levels were not significantly different at Day 3 but were significantly different at Day 8 (Haucke et al . 2017). Mean SAA levels at Day 8 were near 800 μg/mL for the horses treated with a single dose of PPG and 200 μg/mL for the horses treated with an extended course of PPG (Haucke et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2010; Haucke et al . 2017). Based on clinical experience combined with this research, many equine practitioners routinely employ the use of a preoperative antibiotic, often times a single dose of PPG (Procaine Penicillin G PenOne, Serum Amyloid A), in equine castrations (Schumacher 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of post‐operative inflammatory response in horses undergoing elective castration treated preoperatively with ceftiofur crystalline free acid or procaine penicillin G

Bergstrom

Frey

Rao

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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Castration is among the most common surgical procedures performed in the horse (Equus Caballus) and a variety of post-operative complications can occur. This study aims to determine if a single dose of long-acting ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) used as a preoperative antimicrobial in equine field castrations offers any reduction in post-operative inflammatory markers when compared to procaine penicillin G (PPG). Sixty-five horses aged 8 months to 2 years were randomly assigned to the CCFA (n = 33) or PPG (n = 32) treatment groups. Horses were castrated under general anaesthesia using a closed castration technique with removal of the median raphe. Quantitative and qualitative inflammatory markers were measured and short-term complications were recorded post-operatively on Days 3, 8 and 14. No clinically significant difference in any postoperative inflammatory markers between the CCFA and PPG group was detected. In the CCFA group, 48% of horses experienced short-term post-operative complications compared to 31% in the PPG group. Regardless of the preoperative treatment, castration induced significant elevation in serum amyloid A (P<0.0001), preputial oedema (P<0.0001) and scrotal oedema (P<0.0001) at Day 3. These values returned to baseline levels by Day 8. Horses with grade 3 or above preputial oedema had elevated serum amyloid A values (P<0.001). The data from this study indicate CCFA used as a preoperative antibiotic for routine castration offers no advantages over PPG. The difference in complication rate between groups is likely of minimal clinical importance, as all complications were mild and self-limiting.

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“…Clearly, the main limitation regarding the assessment of postoperative complications is that it relied on 13 veterinarians and numerous caretakers for observation and reporting of complications. The use of an objective means such as a specific grading scale or an acute phase protein response (eg, determining the serum concentration of amyloid A) would have been helpful in differentiating between the outcome variables excessive swelling and SSI . Not only would this have helped to identify SSI more reliably, but it would also have permitted a more targeted use of antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications associated with closed castration using the Henderson equine castration instrument in 300 standing equids

et al. 2018

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Objective: To describe a closed castration technique in standing equids, report associated complications, and identify potential risk factors. Study design: Prospective cohort study of 300 standing equids that were castrated with the Henderson Equine Castrating Instrument. Methods: Thirteen participating veterinarians recorded intraoperative difficulties and postoperative complications. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses with Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regressions were used to evaluate intraoperative difficulties and postoperative complications and to assess risk factors for postoperative complications. Results: Data were collected on 300 equids (269 horses, 23 ponies, and 8 donkeys). Intraoperative difficulties were experienced in 39 of 300 (13%) procedures. Postoperative complications were reported in 69 of 300 (23%) equids, including excessive swelling (29, 9.67%), surgical site infection (SSI; 27, 9%), severe hemorrhage (3, 1%), and prolapse of the omentum (2, 0.64%). Donkeys were at increased risk of severe hemorrhage (2/8, 25%, P = .0019). Equids that were castrated in a hospital setting (83/300, 27.66%) more frequently developed excessive swelling (P = .0034, odds ratio [OR] = 3.20) and SSI (P = .0047, OR = 3.18) compared with equids that were castrated in a field setting (217/300, 72.33%). Prolonging antimicrobial prophylaxis or age of the equid at the time of castration had no effect on the prevalence of excessive swelling or SSI. Conclusion: The method of castration evaluated here resulted in a similar prevalence of postoperative complications to that previously reported for castrations in standing horses but fewer SSI. Clinical significance: The described method provides a viable option for castrating horses and ponies, but is not recommended in donkeys.

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Two Regimes of Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Equine Castration: Clinical Findings, Acute-Phase Proteins, and Bacterial Cultures

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

Comparison of post‐operative inflammatory response in horses undergoing elective castration treated preoperatively with ceftiofur crystalline free acid or procaine penicillin G

Complications associated with closed castration using the Henderson equine castration instrument in 300 standing equids

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