Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease.

Butland, R. J. A.; Pang, Joseph; Gross, Elizabeth R.; Woodcock, Ashley; Geddes, Duncan M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.284.6329.1607

Cited by 1,446 publications

(908 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Quadriceps weakness would make this task more challenging; quadriceps function is also influenced by implant design [33,34], thus altering muscle use in the lower extremity. The 6-minute walk score remained stable in both groups; walking requires many muscle groups; this test was originally designed as a measure of respiratory fitness [3], another factor that was not tested in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results were puzzling, and may be due to the small sample size; however, aging results in greater demand on the hip extensors [5], and a shift in muscle use may play a role; hip extensors were not tested in this investigation. The 6-minute walk test was originally described as a measure of respiratory fitness [3]. Controls walked at least 100 m further than patients after TKA at both intervals, a difference considered clinically meaningful [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One practice test is performed and the average of two tests used for analysis. The 6-minute walk (6 MW) is a self-paced functional test used to provide an assessment of the extent to which impairments affect mobility [3]. The 6 MW test measures the distance a person can walk in 6 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We instructed patients to cover as much distance as they could in 6 minutes and we gave them verbal cues on time elapsed at 2, 4, and 5 minutes. The 6 MW test [3] is a reliable measure in healthy, older adult populations (r = 0.95) [8] and considered one of the most responsive measures of function after TKA [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: The Nonoperated Knee Predicts Function 3 Years after Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

Farquhar

Snyder‐Mackler

2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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The long-term functional abilities of patients after a unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are influenced by the status of the nonoperated knee at the time of the TKA. We hypothesized that in the 3 years after TKA, the nonoperated limb would become more painful, and the quadriceps muscles would weaken; pain and strength would influence performance on functional testing by 3 years after TKA. Healthy control subjects were tested over the same time interval; we hypothesized the controls would also decline in strength and function over time. Individuals with unilateral knee pain (less than 4/10 on a verbal analog scale) were recruited preoperatively. We tested patients 1, 2, and 3 years after TKA to determine changes in strength, self-report outcome measures, and performance on a stair climbing test and the 6-minute walk test. Control subjects without osteoarthritis were tested twice, 2 years apart. The nonoperated limb of patients with TKA weakened from 1 to 2 years, and further weakened from 2 to 3 years after TKA; by 3 years after TKA, the nonoperated limb was more painful compared to the operated limb. Three years after TKA, nonoperated knee pain contributed 44% of the variability in the 6-minute walk and 33% of the variability in the stair climbing test. Patients with TKA were weaker, slower, and had lower self-report outcome measures compared with control subjects at both time intervals. Control subjects also weakened over time, yet were stable on self-report outcome measures and the 6 minute walk test. Weakening of the quadriceps muscles in all participants represents changes due to ageing; however on average the nonoperated limb weakened over time, possibly representing not only changes resulting from aging, but progression of osteoarthrosis in some patients with unilateral TKA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: The Nonoperated Knee Predicts Function 3 Years after Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

Farquhar

Snyder‐Mackler

2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured by a Vitalograph Compact spirometer (Vitalograph, Buckinghamshire, UK) using Brompton Predicted scores to correct for height [5]. Minimum oxygen saturation during a 12-min walk (Sa,O 2 min) [6] was measured by continuous pulse oximetry. Distance walked during the test (distance) was also recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for predicting life expectancy of children with cystic fibrosis

Aurora

Wade²,

Whitmore

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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In this study the authors aimed to produce a model for predicting the life expectancy of children with severe cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease.The survival of 181 children with severe CF lung disease referred for transplantation assessment 1988±1998 (mean age 11.5 yrs, median survival without transplant 1.9 yrs from date of assessment) were studied. Proportional hazards modelling was used to identify assessment measurements that are of value in predicting longevity.The resultant model included low height predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), low minimum oxygen saturation (Sa,O 2 min) during a 12-min walk, high age adjusted resting heart rate, young age, female sex, low plasma albumin, and low blood haemoglobin as predictors for poor prognosis. Extrapolation from the model suggests that a 12-yr old male child with an FEV1 of 30% pred and a Sa,O 2 min of 85% has a 44% risk of death within 2 yrs (95% confidence interval (CI) 35±54%), whilst a female child with the same measurements has a 63% risk of death (95% CI 52±73%) within the same period.The model produced may be of value in predicting the life expectancy of children with severe cystic fibrosis lung disease and in optimizing the timing of lung transplantation.

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