Two-Species Mixture of Quantum Degenerate Bose and Fermi Gases

Hadzibabic, Zoran; Stan, C. A.; Dieckmann, Kai; Gupta, Subhadeep; Zwierlein, Martin; Görlitz, Axel; Ketterle, Wolfgang

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.160401

Cited by 448 publications

(501 citation statements)

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“…We further report the evidence of spontaneous spin polarization of the atoms in optical dipole trap loading. This advancement is an important step towards a new generation of precision J − β correlations measurements with polarized 82 Rb atoms.Recent advancements in atom trapping have resulted in exciting breakthroughs in atomic, molecular and optical physics, with the realization of diverse phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation [1,2,3,4], FermiDegenerate gases [5] and fermion superfluidity [6], as well as ultracold plasmas [7,8] and atomic clocks.The technique of trapping ultracold atoms also has great potential for precision measurements because it can provide an ideal sample in a well controlled environment. There are several attempts and ongoing efforts in β-recoil measurements on 38m K (t 1/2 = 0.9 s) [9] and 21 Na (t 1/2 = 21 s) [10] in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), β-spin correlation of 82 Rb in a time-orbiting potential(TOP) trap [11], Fr PNC [12,13] and Ra EDM [14,15].…”

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Trapping radioactiveRb82in an optical dipole trap and evidence of spontaneous spin polarization

et al. 2007

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Optical trapping of selected species of radioactive atoms has great potential in precision measurements for testing fundamental physics such as EDM, PNC and parity violating β-decay asymmetry correlation coefficients. We report trapping of 10 4 radioactive 82 Rb atoms (t 1/2 = 75 s) with a trap lifetime of ∼55 seconds in an optical dipole trap. Transfer efficiency from the magneto-optical trap was ∼14%. We further report the evidence of spontaneous spin polarization of the atoms in optical dipole trap loading. This advancement is an important step towards a new generation of precision J − β correlations measurements with polarized 82 Rb atoms.Recent advancements in atom trapping have resulted in exciting breakthroughs in atomic, molecular and optical physics, with the realization of diverse phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation [1,2,3,4], FermiDegenerate gases [5] and fermion superfluidity [6], as well as ultracold plasmas [7,8] and atomic clocks.The technique of trapping ultracold atoms also has great potential for precision measurements because it can provide an ideal sample in a well controlled environment. There are several attempts and ongoing efforts in β-recoil measurements on 38m K (t 1/2 = 0.9 s) [9] and 21 Na (t 1/2 = 21 s) [10] in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), β-spin correlation of 82 Rb in a time-orbiting potential(TOP) trap [11], Fr PNC [12,13] and Ra EDM [14,15]. Yet no group has demonstrated the trapping of short lived radioisotopes in an optical dipole trap, largely due to small number of atoms in the primary MOT and poor transfer efficiency from the MOT to the dipole trap.Radioactive atoms confined in a far-off-resonance dipole trap (FORT) have many intrinsic advantages for fundamental symmetry experiments, providing a highly polarized, point-like sample with minimal perturbation from the environment which can be well characterized. It is an ideal system for studying parity violating β-decay of spin-polarized protons. Parity violation was first suggested by Lee and Yang [16], and subsequently discovered in 1957 by Wu et al. [17], in the beta decay of polarized 60 Co. Today, parity violation is encompassed by the standard model (V-A) interaction between leptons and quarks. Nonetheless, the nature of these helicity couplings is derived from empirical measurements and the standard model offers no fundamental understanding of the origin of these symmetries and how they become broken at the energy scales probed by modern experiments. Low energy physics experiments that exploit nuclear beta decay continue to offer a means to probe the fundamental origin of parity violation and, more generally, the helicity structure of the weak interaction [18]. With advantages * Electronic address: xxz@lanl.gov

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent advancements in atom trapping have resulted in exciting breakthroughs in atomic, molecular and optical physics, with the realization of diverse phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation [1,2,3,4], FermiDegenerate gases [5] and fermion superfluidity [6], as well as ultracold plasmas [7,8] and atomic clocks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trapping radioactiveRb82in an optical dipole trap and evidence of spontaneous spin polarization

et al. 2007

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“…In this case a simpler form of the Sine-Gordon equation results for the condensate of the Goldstone field φ in the matrix T (61). In experiments fermionic 6 Li was cooled to degeneracy by 23 Na or by mixing two different states in an optical trap [27,28] and fermionic 40 K was cooled to T /T F = 0.3, (E F = k B T F ) by sympathetic cooling with 87 Rb [29]. Apart from degeneracy a BCS transition, for which the time development of the condensate is described by Eqs.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of independent parameters and the dimension of Σ ab ss ′ ( x, t p ) indicate a SO(4) symmetry where the antisymmetry of SO(4) generators becomes obvious after exchange of the first, second with the third, fourth row of the 4 × 4 matrices in (27). The following local parametrization (31-33) of the self-energy with only one complex field φ( x, t p ) as Goldstone boson can be chosen in the coset space SO(4)\U (2) in order to separate the anomalous term from the unchanged interacting Fermi sea with density matrix s, −s T in the spontaneous symmetry breaking…”

Section: Hubbard-stratonovich Transformation and Self-energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 4 × 4 local self-energy matrix in (27) consists of the hermitian U (2) invariant density term s(t p ) with four real parameters and the antisymmetric 2 × 2 anomalous term with one complex field so that the matrix Σ ab ss ′ ( x, t p ) contains six real fields. The number of independent parameters and the dimension of Σ ab ss ′ ( x, t p ) indicate a SO(4) symmetry where the antisymmetry of SO(4) generators becomes obvious after exchange of the first, second with the third, fourth row of the 4 × 4 matrices in (27).…”

Section: Hubbard-stratonovich Transformation and Self-energymentioning

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Nonlinear sigma model for a condensate composed of fermionic atoms

Mieck

2005

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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A nonlinear sigma model is derived for the time development of a Bose-Einstein condensate composed of fermionic atoms. Spontaneous symmetry breaking of a Sp(2) symmetry in a coherent state path integral with anticommuting fields yields Goldstone bosons in a Sp(2)\U (2) coset space. After a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation from the anticommuting fields to a local self-energy matrix with anomalous terms, the assumed short-ranged attractive interaction reduces this symmetry to a SO(4)\U (2) coset space with only one complex Goldstone field for the singlett pairs of fermions. This bosonic field for the anomalous term of fermions is separated in a gradient expansion from the density terms. The U (2) invariant density terms are considered as a background field or unchanged interacting Fermi sea in the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the SO(4) invariant action and appear as coefficients of correlation functions in the nonlinear sigma model for the Goldstone boson. The time development of the condensate composed of fermionic atoms results in a modified Sine-Gordon equation.

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CABG versus DES PCI in diabetics with multivessel disease: Back to the BARI registry

Hillegass¹

2008

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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In the landmark BARI trial, diabetics assigned to CABG had 57.8% (10-year survival) compared to 45.5% with angioplasty. Angioplasty had substantially higher repeat revascularization rates as well [1]. In contrast, meta-analysis of the six CABG versus PCI RCTs with reported diabetic subgroups shows no survival advantage of CABG over PCI at 10 years [2]. With bare metal stenting (BMS), the ARTSI randomized trial versus CABG for multivessel disease is typical. Although there was no significant difference in mortality, CABG outperformed BMS particularly in diabetics because of the increased frequency of subsequent revascularization procedures with stenting [3]. Restenosis, of course, has been the limiting Achille's heel of balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents in diabetics. When feasible at reasonable risk, therefore, CABG has remained the gold standard for diabetics with significant multi-vessel CAD.Should DES change the revascularization landscape for diabetics? The diabetics in TAXUS IV, SIRIUS, DECODE, and DIABETES RCTS had single digit target lesion revascularization rates (7.8%) with DES versus 24.7% with BMS [4]. The nonrandomized comparison of CABG and DES in ARTSII demonstrated equipoise in diabetic patients [5]. The NHLBI dynamic registry confirms continued improvement in outcomes for diabetics with PCI [6].But can DES be advocated for multivessel disease diabetics instead of CABG? Attempting to adjust for baseline differences, retrospective databases of DES versus CABG for multivessel CAD have conflicting results. The Washington Hospital Center reports lower adjusted risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in diabetics with two and three vessel CAD treated with CABG than PCI [7]. In 6,061 diabetics with multivessel CAD undergoing DES or CABG from October 2003 to December 2004 in New York, adjusted mortality rates at 18 months were not significantly different [8]. However, CABG was associated with a lower risk of combined death or myocardial infarction as well as reduced subsequent revascularization rates.At 12-month follow-up, the SYNTAX RCT demonstrates similar rates of mortality and MI among the 227 diabetics randomized to multivessel Taxus stenting versus 204 assigned to CABG, but 20.3% subsequent revascularization procedures with an initial strategy of multivessel DES versus 6.4% with CABG (p < 0.001). While awaiting longer term SYNTAX follow-up and the results of the larger FREEDOM RCT of multivessel DES versus CABG in diabetics, we must recall another important observation from the landmark BARI trial. In the BARI registry of patients where specific factors mitigated against randomization, the outcomes of CABG and angioplasty were similar [9]. In this issue of CCI, Tarantini et al.'s experience in 220 consecutive diabetic patients with multivessel CAD provides a microcosm for the ''right answer.'' The decision to perform PCI versus CABG revascularization of a DM patient with multivessel CAD is a complex calculus. Important factors including diffuseness of distal disease, ...

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Two-Species Mixture of Quantum Degenerate Bose and Fermi Gases

Cited by 448 publications

References 17 publications

Trapping radioactiveRb82in an optical dipole trap and evidence of spontaneous spin polarization

Trapping radioactiveRb82in an optical dipole trap and evidence of spontaneous spin polarization

Nonlinear sigma model for a condensate composed of fermionic atoms

CABG versus DES PCI in diabetics with multivessel disease: Back to the BARI registry

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