Two Speed Factors of Visual Recognition Independently Correlated with Fluid Intelligence

Tachibana, Ryosuke O.; Namba, Yuri; Noguchi, Yasuki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097429

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This method deals with outliers with higher precision and resistance and is less affected by the sample size than the other more common methods (for example, those discarding trials with saccade performance below and above 2.5 SD; see Carling, 2000). 1 Furthermore, this method is more and more used by researchers from different fields (e.g., Alahyane et al, 2016;Kulesz, Tian, Juranek, Fletcher, & Francis, 2015;Lemoine-Lardennois et al, 2016;Letham & Raij, 2011;Pernet et al, 2015;Tachibana, Namba, & Noguchi, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recentering bias for temporal saccades only: Evidence from binocular recordings of eye movements

et al. 2018

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It is well known that the saccadic system presents multiple asymmetries. Notably, temporal (as opposed to nasal) saccades, centripetal (as opposed to centrifugal) saccades (i.e., the recentering bias) and saccades from the abducting eye (as opposed to the concomitant saccades from the adducting eye) exhibit higher peak velocities. However, these naso-temporal and centripetal-centrifugal asymmetries have always been studied separately. It is thus unknown which asymmetry prevails when there is a conflict between both asymmetries, i.e., in case of centripetal nasal saccades or centrifugal temporal saccades. This study involved binocular recordings of eye movements to examine both the naso-temporal and centripetal-centrifugal asymmetries so as to determine how they work together. Twenty-eight participants had to make saccades toward stimuli presented either centrally or in the periphery in binocular conditions. We found that temporal and abducting saccades always exhibit higher peak velocities than nasal and adducting saccades, irrespective of their centripetal or centrifugal nature. However, we showed that the velocity advantage for centripetal saccades is only found for temporal and not for nasal saccades. Such a result is of importance as it could provide new insights about the physiological origins of the asymmetries found in the saccadic system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recentering bias for temporal saccades only: Evidence from binocular recordings of eye movements

et al. 2018

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“…Staufer et al (2012) found that a collection of temporal processing task were best described by a hierarchical model with modality specific auditory and visual factors and a second-order general factor. However other researchers have found a more complex, non-unitary relationship between measures of information processing speed and intelligence (Danthiir et al, 2012; Tachibana et al, 2014). …”

Section: Speed Of Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 94%

How neuroscience can inform the study of individual differences in cognitive abilities

McFarland

2017

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractTheories of human mental abilities should be consistent with what is known in neuroscience. Currently, tests of human mental abilities are modeled by cognitive constructs such as attention, working memory, and speed of information processing. These constructs are in turn related to a single general ability. However, brains are very complex systems and whether most of the variability between the operations of different brains can be ascribed to a single factor is questionable. Research in neuroscience suggests that psychological processes such as perception, attention, decision, and executive control are emergent properties of interacting distributed networks. The modules that make up these networks use similar computational processes that involve multiple forms of neural plasticity, each having different time constants. Accordingly, these networks might best be characterized in terms of the information they process rather than in terms of abstract psychological processes such as working memory and executive control.

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“…Following Session 1, participants were stratified into either a 3D group ( n = 21), a 2D group ( n = 21), or a cadaver group ( n = 22) based on controlling for Vz, sex, and academic year to ensure that all groups were demographically equal and were of equal spatial abilities. There is some evidence to suggest that fluid intelligence is associated with mental rotation ability (Ozer, 1987; Tachibana et al, 2014; Varriale et al, 2018); this potential relationship was controlled for through stratification and equal distribution of participants by MRT score in all three groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning in Stereo: The Relationship Between Spatial Ability and 3D Digital Anatomy Models

Labranche

Wilson

Terrell

et al. 2021

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Three‐dimensional (3D) digital anatomical models show potential to demonstrate complex anatomical relationships; however, the literature is inconsistent as to whether they are effective in improving the anatomy performance, particularly for students with low spatial visualization ability (Vz). This study investigated the educational effectiveness of a 3D stereoscopic model of the pelvis, and the relationship between learning with 3D models and Vz. It was hypothesized that participants learning with a 3D pelvis model would outperform participants learning with a two‐dimensional (2D) visualization or cadaveric specimen on a spatial anatomy test, particularly when comparing those with low Vz. Participants (n = 64) were stratified into three experimental groups, who each attended a learning session with either a 3D stereoscopic model (n = 21), 2D visualization (n = 21), or cadaveric specimen (n = 22) of the pelvis. Medical and pre‐medical student participants completed a multiple‐choice pre‐test and post‐test during their respective learning session, and a long‐term retention (LTR) test 2 months later. Results showed no difference in anatomy test improvement or LTR performance between the experimental groups. A simple linear regression analysis showed that within the 3D group, participants with high Vz tended to retain more than those with low Vz on the LTR test (R2 = 0.31, P = 0.01). The low Vz participants may be cognitively overloaded by the complex spatial cues from the 3D stereoscopic model. Results of this study should inform resource selection and curriculum design for health professional students, with attention to the impact of Vz on learning.

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Two Speed Factors of Visual Recognition Independently Correlated with Fluid Intelligence

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Recentering bias for temporal saccades only: Evidence from binocular recordings of eye movements

Recentering bias for temporal saccades only: Evidence from binocular recordings of eye movements

How neuroscience can inform the study of individual differences in cognitive abilities

Learning in Stereo: The Relationship Between Spatial Ability and 3D Digital Anatomy Models

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