Two-stage Localisation Scheme Using a Small-scale Linear Microphone Array for Indoor Environments

Abstract

The small-scale linear microphone arrays that are widely found in smartphones could be used to locate a sound source for indoor environments. After the Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOAs) in microphone pairs are estimated, a TDOA-based hybrid localisation scheme is proposed for a small-scale linear microphone array. The scheme contains two stages: the initialisation stage using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, and the refining solution stage using the Weighted Least-Square (WLS) algorithm or the Multi-Dimensional Scalingbased (MDS) algorithm. Simulations and field tests show that the proposed indoor localisation scheme outperforms the existing schemes, and it can achieve an average error of 0·32 metres in an 8 m by 5 m area. K E Y

A laboratory experiment for real-time sound source localization using Microsoft Kinect for Xbox 360

“…(a)). The width of the array is measured to be 22.6 cm, only one microphone is located on the left side of the unit, and the other three are located on the right side (Jiang et al, 2015). In order to control the distance between microphones and to get a larger localization area while also keeping the same ability of the device; we have dismantled the original architecture between the receivers from 22.6 cm to get more than 2 meters between the leftmost and rightmost microphone.…”

“…Through the positioning of microphones, the sound source can be localized at the intersection of two hyperbolas, which depends on the microphone layout and the difference in the arrival time measurements of the received signals. Jiang et al, provided a 2D-SSL scheme based on TDOA estimation using an array of microphones in a laboratory environment [39]. They set up an array of four small-scale linear microphones.…”

Evaluation of fingerprinting-based WiFi indoor localization coexisted with Bluetooth

“…Most research topics focus on highsensitivity GNSS (Syrjärinne, 2001), optical navigation systems (Mulloni et al, 2009, Rouzaud and Skaloud, 2011, Zhou et al, 2015, acoustic solutions (Priyantha et al, 2000, Jiang et al, 20150, WiFi (Bahl and Padmanabhan, 2000), Bluetooth (Pei et al, 2010a, Pei et al, 2010b, Pei et al, 2010c, Chen et al, 2011a, ZigBee (Sugano et al, 2006), Ultra Wide Band (Pahlavan et al, 2006), cellular networks (Syrjärinne, 2001), RFID (Hightower et al, 2000), magnetic localization (Storms, 2010), inertial measurement units (Foxlin, 2005 andChen et al, 2010), signals of opportunity (Mathews et al, 2011, Pei et al, 2016, dead reckoning approaches (Pei et al, 2011c, Qian et al, 2015a, Qian et al, 2015b, and also hybrid solutions , Pahlavan et al, 2010, Liu et al, 2010, Chen et al, 2011b, and Liu 2012a.…”