The method of using a surface acoustic
wave (SAW) to drive fluid
mixing on a microfluidic chip has been widely investigated by researchers
because of its advantages of not directly contacting the fluid and
not changing the chemical properties of the fluid. In this paper,
we investigate the potential mechanism of SAW-driven fluid mixing.
A SAW device is designed by us and modal and harmonic response analyses
are performed on it. Because the mechanisms of the traveling SAW (TSAW)
and the standing SAW (SSAW) on a fluid are different, we have performed
transient simulations for each of them in order to clearly understand
their differences. The effect of voltage values on the intensity of
acoustic pressure is also studied by us. Finally, we perform a comprehensive
analysis of acoustic-fluid force-driven fluid mixing. For TSAW- and
SSAW-driven fluid mixing, we discuss and analyze the mixing effect
at different voltages separately. The velocity fields of the two types
of SAW-driven micromixers are also investigated. It is found that
the mixing effect of both micromixers is enhanced with increasing
voltage. However, the TSAW-driven micromixer produces a single vortex
flow through the channel in the acoustic action region, while the
SSAW-driven micromixer produces a symmetric double vortex flow. The
difference between the TSAW- and SSAW-driven fluids can be clearly
analyzed by the velocity field results. The TSAW drives the fluid
mainly on one side of the microchannel, while the SSAW drives the
fluid by superposition of the acoustic flow force on both sides of
the microchannel. The results of this study contribute to a better
understanding of the SAW-driven effect on the flow properties of fluids.
Moreover, this work lays a theoretical foundation for practical applications
in areas such as biochemical reactions and polymer synthesis.