Two‐stage solvent extraction of seeds of Hibiscus abelmoschus linn: Lipid and FA compositions

Abstract

The lipid and FA compositions of TAG seed oil of ambrette (Hibiscus abelmoschus), contrary to earlier reports, were found to contain only a small amount of epoxy FA. Higher HBr absorption values were shown to be due to the presence of fragrance components of the seed coat in the oil derived from intact whole seeds. Cyclopropene/cyclopropane acids in the FAME were determined to be about 1.5% by GLC, while epoxy acids were less than 1% by two different methods. Based on the physicochemical characteristics and lipid and FA compositions of the fresh and methanol-extracted seeds, ambrette TAG oil may be a candidate for edible use. The process of selective recovery of the expensive fragrant oily concentrate in higher yield in a first step and of an edible fatty oil in a second step makes it an attractive economic proposal.Paper no. J10313 in JAOCS 80, 209-211 (March 2003). KEY WORDS:Ambrette seed, Hibiscus abelmoschus, lipid and fatty acid composition, Malvaceae, selective extraction.Hibiscus abelmoschus L. syn. Abelmoschus moschatus, Moerich of family Malvaceae, trivial name ambrette, is native to India (1). It is cultivated in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and South America for its seeds, which have a characteristic musky odor. The seeds contain about 16% of fatty oil. At present, the seeds are utilized only for the isolation of fragrance components, and the bulk of the TAG oil is wasted. Nee et al.(2) have shown that the essential (fragrant) oil is localized in the outer layers of the seed coat; it is practically absent in the embryo and the endosperm where the TAG oil is concentrated. These authors also studied the FA composition of the oil and did not report the presence of epoxy FA. Hopkins and Chisholm (3) first investigated whole seed oil and reported the presence of about 4% epoxy oleic acids determined by the HBr titration method. Hashmi et al. (4) reported abnormally high values of epoxy and cyclopropene acids (6.4 and 14.4%, respectively). The seed oil has not received any further attention, as the seeds are utilized to a limited extent only for the extraction of the whole oil for fragrance use. With the widening gap between supply and demand of edible and industrial fatty oils, we have examined ambrette as a nontraditional edible oil seed. Lower economic returns on cultivation of traditional crops under rain-fed conditions was the other consideration in examining ambrette as an alternative crop.Based on the results of Nee et al.(2), we decided to explore methods of obtaining the fragrance components and fatty oil separately. After making several unsuccessful attempts to separate the seed coat and embryo mechanically, we decided to try selective extraction of the whole seeds with polar solvents and found that the fragrance components were selectively extracted out. From the oleoresin obtained, a fragrant oily concentrate, free from fatty oils, was obtained in 0.3 to 0.35% yield. The physicochemical characteristics and FA and lipid compositions of the TAG oil obtained from the raffinate (selectively ...

Supercritical CO2 extraction of fatty oil from flaxseed and comparison with screw press expression and solvent extraction processes

“…Therefore, soxhlet method of extraction was considered as the complete extraction of neutral lipids and the process was carried out for 10 h. The higher yield of lipids may be due to the extraction of neutral lipids along with few percentages of polar lipids. It was reported that in the process of oil extraction generally hexane extract contain a few percentage of glycol lipids and phospholipids in comparison to the mechanical expression (Sahoo et al, 2003). The hexane extracted oil has higher acid value (1.1) and peroxide value (3.6) in comparison to screw press and supercritical CO 2 extract oil, therefore the hexane extracted oil is inferior in quality.…”

Palmitic acid and its role in the structure and functions of plant cell membranes

“…Section 2 deals with the papers by Sahoo et al [13] where, in the seeds of Hibiscus abelmoschus, NL, GL, and PhL contained PA at the level of 22, 26, and 39% upon the extraction with methanol and 21, 37, and 41% in case of hexane extraction. Kundu et al [14] showed that, in the seeds of legumes, the content of PA in NL, GL, and PhL in pea was 13, 16, and 19% and that in bean was 11, 15, and 17%, respectively.…”

“…Nechaev and Sandler [5] gave the content of total SFA (not PA) in the groups of lipids listed above (free, bound, and tightly bound) in the seeds of wheat (16,22, and 28%), rye (13,18, and 25%), maize (14, 33, and 36%) and buckwheat (20, 30, and 41%). They also cited the content of PA in free and bound lipids of maize embryos (14 and 20%, respectively) and cake (15 and 22%, respectively).…”

Physicochemical analysis of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seeds with fatty acids and total lipids compositions

“…The oils were converted to corresponding fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as per our previous reported procedure (Sahoo et al 2003;Rout et al 2014).…”