Two-Stage Surgical Treatment of Large and Rigid Spinal Deformities (Anterior Mobilization of the Curvature and Posterior Instrumentation of the Spine)

Abstract

The choice of method of surgical treatment of large and rigid spinal deformities remains debatable. Objective. To evaluate the results of two-stage surgical treatment of large and rigid spinal deformities (anterior mobilization of the curvature and posterior instrumentation of the spine). Methods. Seventeen patients, the average age of which was 17.7 years (from 12 to 38 years), the average follow-up period was 36 months. Distribution of patients by etiology: 13 — idiopathic scoliosis, 2 — neurofibromatosis, and 2 — congenital kyphoscoliosis. All patients underwent two-stage surgical treatment (anterior mobilization of the curvature and posterior correction of the deformity), evaluation of the results of correction and complications was performed retrospectively. Results. The average deformation of the spine in the frontal plane before the operation was 103° ± 10° according to Kob (from 90° to 126°), after the anterior mobilization — 85° ± 8° (from 74° to 104°), which is (17.6 ± 3.3) % of correction (from 13.7 to 24.5 %), and at the time of completion of the posterior correction of the deformity — 40° ± 22° (from 2° to 78°), in percentage terms it amounted to (62.1 ± 20.61) % correction (from 19.6 to 97.8 %). Statistical significance according to the T- criterion had the following indicators: 63.4 ± 19.6 (M ± SD); t = 13.344; p = 0.001. Conclusions. Two-stage surgical treatment of large and rigid spinal deformities is a modern technique for achieving spinal deformity correction and obtaining the desired cosmetic result. Carefully performed anterior mobilization with the subsequent use of the system of stretching the patient in bed, allows to increase the mobility of the spine and gradually adapt the tissues and spinal cord to the next posterior correction of the spine, which significantly reduces the risks of neurological complications, as well as obtaining the most satisfactory correction results.